Biographical Dictionary of British Coleopterists

Michael Darby

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C

C., G.M.

These initials appear on specimens in the Pusa Institute, Delhi. (MD 1/O2)

CAIGER, H.

A clergyman. Listed as a member of the Amateur Entomologists Society in 1962 when he lived at 254 Chester Road, Woodford, Stockport, Cheshire. Although he listed his interests as 'entomology' he appears to have specialised in aquatic groups in particular. His publications included for example 'Aquatic Coleoptera in Cheshire' in EMM, 104, 1968, 232 (records captures from 1961 –1968) and 'Gyrinus bicolor and G. colymbus in Cheshire', ibid., 105, 1969, 268.

There are five boxes of aquatic Coleoptera (and one of Hemiptera) amounting to about 1000 specimens collected by him in c.1960, and some related mss, including diaries and a map of ponds visited, in the Manchester Museum. Hancock & Pettit (1981) speculate that he retired to Woodford from Kent. (MD 1/O2)

CAMERON, Cedric W.

Published 'Elater sanguinolentus Schr. var paleatus Cand. at Wimbledon' in EMM, 54, 1918, p.183. He lived at 'St Oswalds', Claughton, Birkenhead. (MD 1/O2)

CAMERON, Malcolm (1873 - 31 October 1954)

Qualified in medicine at the London Hospital and became a naval surgeon. He saw active service in the Boer War and in the 1914-18 War, taking part in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in H.M.S. Cornwall, and in the East African campaign. At the end of the War he was posted to the Admiralty, but not being particularly interested in administration he retired about 1920, with the rank of Surgeon Commander, to devote his life to entomology. He went to the Indian Forestry Research Institute at Dehra Dun, but after two years he was invalided to Switzerland with a suspected lung infection. After his health was restored he came back to London in 1925.

Cameron's interest in entomology appears to have started with Lepidoptera and his first recorded publication was on Lycaena icarus in Ent., 20, 1887, p.40. By 1900, when he published on the 'Reoccurence of Actocharis readingi Sharp at Plymouth' in EMM, 36, 1910, p.261, he had not only taken up the Coleoptera, but in particular the Staphylinidae, the family with which his name is most closely associated.

Cameron's travels afforded him considerable opportunities for collecting all over the world, and, as many of his more than 150 articles testify, he seized these chances with alacrity. The Staphylinidae of Java, Borneo, China, Japan, Turkey, New Zealand, Africa, Haiti, Mauritius and many other countries were all studied by him. His most important publication however, and undoubtedly the one for which he is best known, is the four volumes (in five) on Staphylinidae for the FBI series from 1930 to 1939, which amount to some 1,862 pages.

It is perhaps hardly surprising that many of Cameron's articles on the British fauna relate to specimens taken in close proximity to the ports of Devonport and Plymouth. It was at the former in 1898 that he first met J.H. Keys with whom he was to become friendly. He recorded in the obituary of Keys which he wrote in the EMM, 77, 1941, pp.60-61, that he looked back with great pleasure on the many excursions which they had made together over Dartmoor.

Cameron gave a collection of 12,000 beetles to the NHM in 1936 (1936-555) and bequeathed his collection of Staphylinidae, amounting to some 55,000 specimens, including 2,230 holotypes and 1,064 paratypes, as well as much unidentified material, to them too. According to a ms notebook of Sir T. Hudson Beare in the RSM, Cameron gave other specimens to him.

The following ms material is in the NHM: Typescript List of Coleoptera observed in the Maltese Islands by Cameron and A.Caruana Gatte, 1907; five ms notebooks titled Cameron European Coleoptera, 1898-1907; one ms notebook titled Catalogue of Mr M.Cameron's collection from the West Indies, 1908 (taken during his cruise in the Indefatigable); miscellaneous notes; and correspondence with 30 British and foreign entomologists. (Harvey et al. (1996), pp.38-39).

FRES. (Council 1919-20). There are obituaries in EMM, 90, 1954, p.290 (by E.B.Britton); Proc.RESL., (C), 19, 1955, p.68 (by P.A. Buxton); and in Publicacoes Culturais de Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 48, 1959, pp.111-112. (MD1/O2)

CAMPBELL, Angus

Listed in Ent. Ann., 1857, as interested in British Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. His address is given as 6 Cave Terrace, Crescent Road, Plumstead, Kent. (MD 1/O2)

CAMPBELL, D.C.

Listed by Johnson & Halbert (1902), p.542, as one of the 'many collectors of Irish Coleoptera' who helped them in compiling their work. 'Some beetles' collected by Campbell on the shores of Lough Swilly which he sent to Johnson and Halbert are mentioned specifically in the text (p.591). (MD 1/O2)

CAMPBELL, R.J.

Listed as a subscriber to Denny (1825). His address is given as Bethel Street, Norwich. (MD 1/O2)

CAMPBELL, T.V.

Mentioned by G.J.Arrow, Lamellicornia: Rutelinae, Desmonycinae and Euchirinae, 1917, in the FBI series, as a collector of Rutelinae at Kodaikanal (95) and Madras (221).

There are some specimens bearing this name in the general collection of Coleoptera in the RSM. (MD 1/O2)

Tony Irwin informs me that there are a number of Campbell's insects in E.A. Butler's foreign collection of Coleoptera and Hemiptera at Norwich Museum. (MD 10/03)

CAMPBELL-TAYLOR, James Edward (8 June 1873 - 23 December 1950)

A Bank Manager who collected Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. At the time of his death his wife said that part of his collections had been sold and that she retained the remaining part, which, together with his diaries and papers, had been in store since the end of the War.

FRES 1923-1950 (MD 3/03)

CANN, F.R.

Published notes on Xylobiops basilaris and Eburia quadrigeminata in EMM, 65, 1929, pp.16-17, and 73, 1937, pp.55-6 respectively. He worked at the Forestry Products Research Laboratory at Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire. (MD 1/O2)

CANSDALE, F.E.

A collection of British Lepidoptera and Coleoptera formed by 'the late F.E.Cansdale' was sold at Stevens' auction rooms on 30 June 1925. The Catalogue lists: '384. A stained and polished pine cabinet of 30 drawers enclosed by panelled doors, on plinth…containing a named and arranged collection of British beetles, mostly carded, many species' and '389. Six store boxes of British beetles'. (I am grateful to Eric Gowing-Scopes for bringing this catalogue to my attention). (MD 1/O2)

CAPON William

The Accessions Register in the Castle Museum, Norwich, records that Capon gave two beetles from Australia to the Norwich Society in 1846. (MD 1/02)

CAPRON, Edward

Published a number of articles on Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, and four on Coleoptera: 'Coleoptera at Shere', Ent., 15, 1882, pp. 212-213; ibid., 17, 1884, pp.221-223; 'Euplectus kunzei Aube', ibid., 19, 1886, p.69; and 'Pseudopsis sulcatus Newm.', ibid.. Hancock & Pettit (1981) note that there is a collection of Hymenoptera in Bolton Museum with associated mss material, which was acquired as part of the P.B.Mason collection. They also note that 'Dr Capron's collection was acquired originally by Edward Saunders'. (MD 1/O2)

CAPSON

Beetles from Surrey bearing this name are in the Hall Collection at Oldham Museum (I am grateful to Simon Hayhow for this information). (MD 1/O2)

CARLIER, Stuart Edmond Wace (29 May 1899 - 3 December 1962)

Born in Edinburgh and educated at Solihull School, King Edward's Grammar School, Birmingham, and Birmingham University where his father, a keen amateur lepidopterist, was Regius Professor of Physiology. Carlier read medicine but never graduated. Although he was a delicate child he passed A.1 into the Royal Warwickshire Regiment as a Second Lieutenant during the First World War. Among his interests apart from entomology were philately, cut crystal glass and poetry.

In his obituary of Carlier in EMM, 99, 1963, p.223, K.G.V. Smith noted that he 'devoted his life to entomology, at which he worked fantastic hours for very little financial reward... A vast amount of information must have died with him for he spent many hours in the field. The writer remembers field trips from which Carlier, who preferred to collect alone, usually returned with 'prizes' in most orders. With a smile and a mischievous twinkle in his eyes he would hand out glass bottomed boxes containing the day's rarities for us less fortunate collectors to inspect...'.

Carlier's particular interests were in Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera although his large collections also included other orders. The Coleoptera are now housed in the Birmingham Museum where they have been amalgamated with Blatch's collection, but from which the specimens may be easily distinguished by their labels. Other specimens collected by Carlier are in the Kauffman collection of Cerambycidae at Manchester.

Carlier published a number of articles on Coleoptera of which the best known is probably his list of the terrestrial beetles of Hartlebury Common in Proc. Birm. Nat. Hist. Phil. Soc., 17, 1939, pp.193-201.

FRES (1924 – death); part-time lecturer in entomology in the Extra Mural Department of Birmingham University; Secretary of the Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society (1937-1962); BENHS (1945–death). (MD 1/O2)

CARLYLE, Thomas (4 December 1795 - 4 February 1881)

Not a coleopterist, of course, but he did publish 'The Beetle' in Works, 1858, pp.355-356. (MD 1/O2)

CARPENTER, George Herbert (1865 - 22 January 1939)

Born in London and educated at first privately, but afterwards at King's College and at London University. Failing to find a post in the natural sciences he spent four years in an engineer's office before becoming a clerk in the South Kensington Museum. At the age of 23, having already spent a considerable amount of time working on the natural history of Ireland, he was appointed Assistant Naturalist at the Museun of Science and Art, Dublin.

Carpenter spent the next 16 years in this position working closely with Dr Scharff, the Curator, in building up the collections and developing the displays. Early in 1899 he became a member of the newly formed Dublin Naturalists' Field Club, and Secretary two years later. In 1892 he started the well known journal the Irish Naturalist, of which he remained joint editor until his retirement from Dublin in 1922, and in which he contributed 13 articles on Coleoptera between 1892 and 1917.

In 1903 Carpenter was elected to membership of the Royal Irish Academy, and this was quickly followed by appointment to the Council, and subsequently to the Secretaryship. In 1904 he was appointed Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin, and in 1911 he accepted the position of Secretary to the Royal Zoological Society, which he held until June 1918.

Carpenter's special concern from an early date was entomology, and particularly spiders. The latter interest led to his well known List of the Spiders of Ireland, which was published in 1898, and the former to various publications including his books: Insects, their Structure and Life, 1899, largely rewritten 1924; Life History of Insects, 1913; Insect Transformation 1921; and The Biology of Insects, 1928. All these volumes include many references to Coleoptera. Johnson & Halbert (1902) record their thanks to him as one of the many collectors of Irish Coleoptera who assisted them. On beetles alone Carpenter wrote only occasional notes. The first volume of his Irish Naturalist contains pieces on 'Coleoptera at Holywood, Co. Down', on 'Rhagium bifasciatum in Co. Cork' and on 'Paederus riparius in Ireland'. A note on 'Otiorrhynchus auropunctatus with remarks on the distribution of Irish animals', ibid., 4, 1895, enabled him to raise a favourite subject: the relationship between the Irish and Southern European faunas.

In 1923 he was appointed Keeper of the University Museum at Manchester which he took charge of at a time when it was being reorganised and enlarged. A great deal of his work was in connection with the fitting up and re-arrangement although he did continue his entomological activities, working chiefly on Collembola.

Carpenter was always deeply religious and after four year's residence in Manchester he became ordained taking up the duties of an honorary curacy. After leaving the city he became a curate at Broxbourne, Herts. before retiring in 1937.

Gilbert (1977) lists seven obituaries of which the most complete is that in the The Irish Naturalists' Journal, 7, 1939, pp.138-141 (by C.B.M., includes portrait). (MDE 1/O2)

CARPENTER, Thomas (1772 - 26 December 1831)

Published a number of notes about insects including beetles in the Technical Repository, 1829. These included 'On the injuries caused by weevils and other insects' (pp.12-19); 'On Death Watches, Stomoxys calcitrans and other insects' (pp.80-87); and 'On the Cock-chafer, the Rose-chafer, some spiders and the Aphides' (pp.335-344). (MD 1/O2)

CARR, A.S.

Published 'Emus hirtus L. at Sittingbourne, Kent' in EMM, 32, 1896, p.160. (MD 1/O2)

CARR, John Wesley (1862 – 11 January 1939)

Born in Cambridge and educated at Emmanuel College. Shortly after obtaining his degree moved to Nottingham where he was attached to the University College for seven years as Lecturer in Natural Sciences and for 34 years as Professor of Biology. At the same time as carrying out his duties at the College, he also acted as Director of the Nottingham Natural History Museum, and during the 45 years he held this post he was responsible for building up the collections and establishing the Museum's reputation.

Carr was a keen botanist and an ardent entomologist studying the more neglected groups in particular. His greatest claim to fame as an entomologist however was not so much as a collector, but as the compiler of the The Invertebrate Fauna of Nottinghamshire, the first part of which containing 618 pages was published in 1916, and the second part containing 287 pages in 1935. The work was started as early as 1893 when Carr published A Contribution to the Geology and Natural History of Nottinghamshire, a small publication, to coincide with a visit of the British Association.

In compiling The Invertebrate Fauna he was much assisted by the members of the Nottingham Naturalist's Society, of which he was at one time Honorary Secretary and at another President.

FRES 1915–death. There are obituaries in Ent., 1939, p.248 (by A.R. Leivers), and in North West Naturalist, 14, 1939, p.81. (MD 1/O2)

Mick Cooper informs me that there is further information about Carr in Nottingham Museum. (MD 10/03)

CARTER, A. E. J.

Formed a collection of 1,916 Coleoptera which were given by J.E.Collin to the RSM in 1925 (accession number 1925.103). Carter lived at Hillgarth, Currie, Scotland. (MD 1/O2)

CARTER, Herbert James

Born in Marlborough, Wiltshire. Educated at Aldenham School and/or Mill Hill School and at Cambridge University. Emigrated to Australia to take up the position of Second Mathematical Master at Sydney Grammar School in 1881. He remained in this position until 1891 when he was appointed Principal of Ascham College in which post he continued until 1914.

In his obituary of Carter in EMM,76, 1940, p.159 K.G. Blair recorded that: 'it was not until after his arrival in Australia that he developed an interest in entomology, an interest that was to a large extent spurred on by the enthusiasms of his growing family. Realising from experience the need for revisionary work of what scattered knowledge there was rather than the continued accumulation of long lists of new species, Carter devoted his energies mainly to work of this nature, in the course of it himself describing some hundreds of new species. His revisions of the Australian Tenebrionidae and Buprestidae... as well as of certain groups of the Cerambycidae, and latterly of the Dryopidae and Colydiidae, will long form the basis of all future work on these sections of the Australian fauna'.

Musgrave (1932) lists some 50 or so articles by Carter, and Carter's own Gulliver in the Bush, 1933, provides a vivid account of his collecting trips and of the entomologist friends he made in the course of his work. His Coleoptera collection is housed in the Museum at Melbourne, and there are many specimens given by him in the NHM.

Gilbert (1977) lists four other obituaries, and Musgrave mentions an entry in Who's Who in Australia, 1922. (MD 1/O2)

CARTER, J.

Rector of St. Giles, Norwich. Listed as a subscriber to Denny (1825) but it is not known whether he was a coleopterist. (MD 1/O2)

CARTER, John William (1843 - 15 December 1920)

Born at Bradley, near Huddersfield. Moved to Bradford in 1875 where he spent the rest of his life. Shortly after taking up residence there he was instrumental in setting up the Bradford Naturalists' Society with John Firth and one or two other friends. Carter was the leading spirit in the Society until his death, serving at different times as Secretary and President. He was also a very active member of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, and was at one time President of the entomological section.

George Porritt who wrote Carter's obituary in EMM, 57, 1921, pp.67-68, records that his initial interest in entomology was with Lepidoptera; his first publication however, was 'Carabus nitens on Greetland and Rombalds Moors', in the Naturalist (N.S.) 3, 1877-78, p.41. A series of notes on other orders mainly Lepidoptera followed until 1897 when he wrote on 'Carabus arvensis near Bradford' in the same periodical. This is probably the 'later' period of interest in Coleoptera to which Porritt refers, noting that Carter did some of his best work in this order. Like his earlier notes, Carter's later publications were mainly on ground beetles, although he did contribute general pieces on Coleoptera and Lepidoptera in the Bradford area in e.g. Bradford Science Journal, 2, 1910, pp.347-348.

There are various records of Carter's captures in the VCH of Yorkshire. These include Hymenoptera, Neuroptera and Orthoptera in which he also took an interest. Further information appears in the natural history column he wrote in the Bradford Weekly Telegraph for 20 years.

FRES from 1900. Apart from the obituary already mentioned there is another in Ent. News, 32, 1921, p.192. (MD 1/O2)

CARTER, Samuel

Listed in the Ent. Ann., 1857, at 20 Lower Mosley Street, Manchester with interests in British Lepidoptera and British and foreign Coleoptera. Sharpe (1908, p.12) lists Carter among 'those early students of the Coleoptera' who left no records of their labours and who 'owed the only education they possessed to that training which Nature herself afforded'.

Chalmers-Hunt (1976) records that Carter's world Lepidoptera and Coleoptera collections were sold by Stevens on 15 November 1867. (MD 1/O2)

CASSAL, Dr

Lived at Ballough in the Isle of Man. Stevens sold his collection of British insects including Coleoptera on 23rd April 1912 (Chalmers-Hunt (1976)). Hancock & Pettit (1981) list a collection of Lepidoptera and other insects formed by Mr Cassall mainly in the period 1930-50, belonging to the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society. Is this the same man? (MD 1/O2)

CHALMERS, J.H.

There are Coleoptera bearing this name and the dates 1847-48 in an anonymous collection in a grey painted cabinet of ten drawers at Aberdeen University. Most of the specimens in the cabinet are labelled as having being taken in Scotland; those bearing the Chalmers' labels however, have no other information attached. (MD 1/O2)

CHAMBERLIN, T.L.B.

J.W. Carr, The Invertebrate Fauna of Nottinghamshire, 1916, and Supplement, 1935, state that 'many good species [of Coleoptera] were found in the extreme north by the late Reverend T.L.B. Chamberlin'.

Mick Cooper informs that there is further information about Chamberlin in Nottingham Museum. (MD 10/03)

CHAMBERS, Charles

The index volume of the 'Extract' of natural history collections from the registers of the College Museum 1813-1869, now in the RSM, lists a 'bottle containing Coleoptera in spirit' given to the Museum in c.1860 by Chambers. (MD 1/O2)

CHAMBERS, J.

Subscribed to Denny (1825) but it is not known whether he was a coleopterist. (MD 1/O2)

CHAMPION, F.G.

Son of G.C. Champion. Worked in the Indian Forestry service and is mentioned by G.J. Arrow, Lamellicornia, FBI series, part ii, 1917, as a collector of Rutelinae at Shillong in Assam. (MD 1/O2)

CHAMPION, George Charles (29 April 1851 - 8 August 1927)

Born in Walworth, South London, the eldest son of George Champion. Became interested in insects at least as early as 1862. J.J. Walker records in an obituary notice in EMM, 63, 1927, pp.197-203: 'Encouraged by his friend the late Mr J. Platt Barrett, as well as by the award of a small insect cabinet as a school prize, he began, as is so often the case, by collecting moths and butterflies; but his attention was soon engrossed by the Order to which his life-work was devoted, and the splendid collection of British Coleoptera which he amassed in after years was commenced by him when a youth of not more than sixteen ... It was during this early period of his work that a chance meeting on the sea-wall near Sheerness, one sunny June morning in 1870 - a day marked by the addition of Baris scolopacea to the British Beetle fauna - initiated a friendship which was cemented fifteen years later by a happy marriage into the writer's family, and has endured unbroken and unclouded for upwards of fifty-seven years'.

Champion's initial work was mainly in the Home Counties where he discovered many rare and interesting species, including numerous additions to the British list. The turning point in his entomological studies came in 1878, however, when he gave up being a businessman to accept a post as collector for F. Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin who had just commenced their monumental Biologia Centrali America, 82.

Champion left England early in February 1879 for Gautemala where he arrived on 16 March. Then commenced four years of journeys and intensive collecting which are described in a series of articles he wrote to the EMM, 18, 1882, pp.226-229; 20, 1884, pp.172-175, 199-205 and 248-250, and in the introductory volume of the Biologia. Champion describes first the equipment he used for collecting. He had taken out a lot but soon found that more than half of it was useless because there were insufficient mules, horses, or Indian backs to carry so much weight. 'My usual plan was to stay a few days here and there, at various places on the road, till I came to what appeared a likely place, then I would remain longer and, if necessary, send to my nearest headquarters for more boxes, etc.; in this way I travelled over a large part of Gutaemala, and of the northern part of the Columbian state of Panama.' His beating tray he quickly abandoned 'finding that I could manage much better with a large balloon-shaped, jointed cane, butterfly net: a net of this kind will answer very well for all Orders of insects, it can be turned over to beat on to, and at the same time, you have a net ready to catch anything on the wing...'. Protecting his specimens was a constant problem: 'While mounting beetles, etc. indoors, the ants have often carried off my captures under my very nose'; and 'often I have come in wet or tired... and put my boxes down for a short time only to find on opening them ... that hundreds of ants had already commenced devouring my captures.'

But the forests were so rich that he could afford a few losses. He learned to look for new clearings in particular 'then is the time almost before the trees are down, beetles begin to appear - Longhorns (I have taken perhaps 100 species in one clearing, by constant hunting day after day for a fortnight), Elateridae, Anthribidae...'. But many less desirable species abounded too: 'minute ticks are a great pest... frequently swarming all over one... and mosquitoes and other Diptera are sometimes, very troublesome, though fortunately, there are no land-leeches'. Snakes, however, 'are only too common...and ... I have beaten them onto my net several times'.

So successful was Champion as a collector that he managed to return in the summer of 1883 having taken not less than 15,000 species of insects. He at once found employment as Secretary and chief assistant to Godman and Salvin, and in that capacity he saw through the press the 52 volumes of the Biologia. Champion himself specialised in preparing the coleopterous material for publication and in writing the volumes and parts covering the Heteromera, the Elateridae and Dascillidae, the Cassididae, and by far the greater part of the Curculionidae. In these groups alone he described more than 4,000 species new to science.

While pursuing this work Champion also found time to collect extensively in Britain, particularly around Woking where he settled in 1892, and on the Continent where he often took his summer holiday. T.A. Chapman was a great friend and often accompanied him on these trips. Many of these captures subsequently formed the subject of notes to the contemporary journals. In the EMM, of which he was one of the editors, alone, he published 426 articles; and he also published frequently in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, of which he was also an editor.

Champion died from heart disease and is buried at Horsell cemetery. His British collections passed to his eldest son and subsequently to the British Museum where they joined the 150,000 continental and other foreign beetles which he had bequeathed to the Museum. Another 5,200 beetles selected from his collection was presented to the HDO by his son H.G. Champion in 1936. I have also seen specimens collected by him in a number of other institutions including the Manchester Museum (Blatch, Britten, Taylor, and Spaeth collections); Bolton Museum (Mason collection); and the RSM (Waterhouse collection). Simon Hayhow tells me that there are specimens collected by Champion in the Isle of Wight and Hants. in the C.G. Hall collection at Oldham Museum, and Ashley Kirk-Spriggs that there are specimens from Panama in the Rippon Collection at Cardiff.

There are letters from Champion in the Sharpe volumes at Liverpool Museum; various references in the Janson diary at Cambridge; and a photograph of him (collecting) among the Tomlin papers at Cardiff. Smith (1986) records that diaries of captures (1868-89); notes on localities visited in Colombia; original drawings of beetles and correspondence with Paulton, 1896-1918 are in the HDO.

FES from March 1871, Council 1875-77, Vice President 1925, and Librarian 1891-1920. (It was he who compiled the Catalogue and Supplement of the Library.) FLS. FZS. Member of the SLENHS, which he helped to found in 1872. Gilbert (1977) lists nine obituaries and other references. (MD 1/O2)

Sharon Reid at the Central Science Laboratory (DEFRA), York, informs me that there are specimens collected by Champion in the F. Bates collection there (see BATES, F. and WILLIAMS, B.S.) and Tony Irwin has pointed out that there are specimens collected by Champion in E.A. Butler's foreign collection of Coleoptera and Hemiptera at Norwich Museum. (MD 10/03)

CHAMPION, Sir Harry G. (1891 - 20 June 1979)

Eldest son of George Charles Champion. Educated at the Royal Grammar School Guildford and from 1908 at King's College, London University, before going to New College, Oxford, where he graduated with firsts in chemistry and botany. In 1914 he took a diploma in forestry which he subsequently made his profession, serving firstly in the Indian Forestry Service (1914-1940) after a year in the USA, and then as Professor of Forestry at Oxford. During his time at Oxford he continued to travel extensively visiting Burma, Ceylon, Hawaii, Japan, USA, China, Malaya, the Seychelles, Kenya, Tanganyika and Uganda.

Champion's entomological interests centred primarily on Lepidoptera but he did collect beetles too, particularly during his tenure as Central Silviculturalist, and later as conservator, in the United Provinces, India. The beetles he sent home between 1919 and his father's death in 1927 formed the subject of 24 papers by the latter in which 259 new species were described. His interest in entomology was undoubtedly encouraged by his father, and as a boy in the family home at Woking, he collected on the surrounding heaths with his brother Reginald. By the age of 16 he had published his first article in the EMM, the magazine with which he was subsequently much involved as an Editor.

Letters from his father (1916-25) and a few other letters and miscellaneous notes are in the HDO (Smith (1986, p.71)), and a collecting notebook in the NHM (Harvey et al. (1996, p.43)).

There is an obituary, including photograph, and account of Champion by Gerald Thompson, one of his students, in EMM, 115, 1979, pp.93-94 (including portrait), and an earlier account, written at the time of his knighthood, in the same magazine (92, 1956, p.137). (MD 1/O2)

CHAMPION, John George (5 May 1815 - 30 November 1854)

Born in Edinburgh, the eldest son of Major John Carey Champion and Elizabeth, nee Herries, the daughter of William Urquhart of Craigstone Castle, Aberdeenshire. Educated at Sandhurst and gazetted an Ensign in the 95th regiment on 2 August 1831. Embarked on foreign service in 1838 after obtaining the rank of Captain. After a stay in the Ionian Islands, his duties took him to Ceylon and thence, in 1847, to Hongkong. He returned to England in 1850 but left again, for the Crimea, in April 1854. He was wounded at Inkermann on 5 November 1854, gazetted Lieutenant Colonel and C.B. for his conduct in the battle, but he died shortly after in Scutari hospital.

Champion was primarily a botanist, but he did collect beetles, and the red longhorn Erythrus championii was named after him. He published a 'Notice on the Coleoptera of Hongkong' in Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 17, 2, 1848, pp.206-209; and I have a note that he was the author of 'Notes on various insects' which was published under the pseudonym 'Jonicus' in Ent. Mag., 3, 1835, pp.176-178, 376-379, 460-465.

Correspondence between Champion and W. Hooker and J. Lindley exists at Kew, where many of his plants are preserved.

There is an account in DNB., with a bibliography. (MD 1/O2)

CHAMPION, Reginald James (1895 - 1917)

The third and youngest son of George Charles Champion. Collected insects as a boy with his brother Harry in the neighbourhood of the family home at Horsell, Woking. The close bond which the two brothers shared was tragically broken when Reginald was killed in France during the first World War. British Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera are in the HDO. There are obituaries in EMM, 53, 1917, p.215 (by his uncle J.J.Walker) and in Ent. News, 29, 1918, p.80. (MD 1/O2)

CHANEY, William (1828 - 3 November 1906)

Born in Chatham where he subsequently worked at the dockyard. Became interested in entomology, primarily Lepidoptera, at an early age and published various notes in the Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer and other periodicals on the local fauna. In 1869 he transferred to the Admiralty, and a year or so later he was one of the founder members of the SLENHS. J.J.Walker in EMM, 43, 1907, pp.16-17 records that Chaney's interest in Coleoptera and Hemiptera developed later in his life but that he still succeeded in amassing 'good collections of these Orders, which he disposed of a few years ago... Mr Chaney was a man of fine physique and of wide and varied reading, and a genial and hearty companion in the field; and the writer of this notice whose deceased friend was his earliest Entomological instructor, recalls many pleasant days spent with him among the insects of the woods and chalk-downs of the Chatham district'.

Chaney's name appears on Coleoptera in the D.G. Hall collection at Baldock Museum (I thank Trevor James for pointing out these specimens to me) and he was a major contributor to the C.G.Hall collection at Oldham (specimens are dated between 1878 and 1890 and are from Essex, Hants., Kent, London, Suffolk, Surrey, Sussex and Scotland. I am grateful to Simon Hayhow for this information)

Apart from the obituary by Walker there is another in ERJV., 19, 1907, p.28 (Anonymous). (MD 1/O2)

CHANT, John (d. September 1867)

There are many references to Chant in Stephens (1828-). He was a friend of Samouelle and of Bentley, and with the latter published an 'Entomological Tour in south Devon' in Ent. Mag., 1, 1833, pp.180-185.

In his obituary of Chant in Ent., 4, 1868, pp.106-107, Edward Newman recorded: 'Mr Chant and his colleague Mr Bentley were among my first entomological acquaintances; and all the older entomologists now living may be reckoned to have made their entomological debut under these auspices of these veterans of our science …[I] was a weekly visitor at their Thursday evening reunions for many years … Mr Chant became a contributor to my 'Entomological Magazine' about the same period, 1832-36, but his communications were few in number and were soon altogether discontinued … Mr Chant died in September 1867, but I cannot be certain of his exact age: he devoted his spare time of later years to re-setting insects for the British Museum and for Mr Saunders: his collections, consisting of three small cabinets of British Lepidoptera, were sold by Mr Stevens on the 24 April last'. (MD 3/02)

CHANTER, J.R.

Published 'A History of Lundy Island', with a note on the Coleoptera, in Rep. Devons. Ass. Adv. Sci., 4(2), 1871, pp.553-611. (MD 3/02)

CHAPMAN, Algernon

I have seen various references to a Dr Algernon Chapman but in all cases these appear to be to Thomas Algernon Chapman. (MD 3/02)

CHAPMAN, G.

Published a note with M.A. Hafeez on the external sexual characters of Latheticus oryzae (Waterhouse) in EMM., 99, 1963, pp.141-144. At the time he was attached to Queen Elizabeth College, University of London. (MD 3/02)

CHAPMAN, J.G.

The Accessions Register of the Norwich Society, in the Castle Museum, Norwich, lists a J.G. Chapman who gave Coleoptera from India to the Society in 1842. (MD 3/02)

CHAPMAN, R.F.

Published 'Notes on the biology of Hylesinus fraxini (Pz.) in EMM., 94, 1958, pp.245-246. At the time he was working in the Biological Research Institute of the University of Ghana. (MD 3/02)

CHAPMAN, Thomas (22 January 1816 - 27 August 1879)

Born at Nottingham but quickly moved to Glasgow where he gave up a career in medicine to become a businessman. Remained there for forty years until ill health forced his retirement early in 1879 when he moved to Burghill, Hereford to join his son Thomas Algernon (see below). It was here that he died.

Chapman was one of the best known Scottish entomologists of his day, and often acted as host to visitors from the south. Most of his work was on the Lepidoptera (including, later in his career, the fauna of the West coast of Africa), but he did take an interest in beetles too and published two notes on dark forms of Cicindela campestris (Zoo., 14, 1858, p.6286, and EMM, 3, 1867, p.251 (with E.C. Rye)).

The beetles collected by Chapman labelled 'Kent, 1858' in the Hall collection at Oldham Museum may be referable to this Thomas Chapman.

Chapman was an active member and at one time Vice-President of the Glasgow Natural History Society. There are obituaries in Ent., 12, 1879, pp.299-300 (by J.T. Carrington); EMM, 16, 1879, p.138; Scottish Naturalist, 5, 1880, p.236; and Zool. Anz., 2, 1879, p.600. (MD 3/02)

CHAPMAN, Thomas Algernon (2 June 1842 - 17 December 1921)

Born in Glasgow the son of Algernon Chapman (see above). Took a degree in medicine at Glasgow University. Worked as a demonstrator for Lord Lister for one year before moving to Abergavenny. Subsequently pursued his medical career there, and at Hereford where he was Medical Officer for many years. Wishing to be nearer to London so as to be able to attend the meetings of the various societies of which he was a member, Chapman retired in the early 1890s to Reigate where he lived for almost thirty years before his death in 1921.

Chapman's enthusiasm for entomology was undoubtedly stimulated originally by his father. In 1861 Thomas senior reported in the EWI that his son was catching butterflies in the Isle of Wight, and Thomas junior's first article, on Diptera, in the EMM, 3, 1866, 94-95, was written with his father. His first article to concern beetles 'Note on the habits of Hylesinus' was published in EMM, 5, 1868, p.20.

The habits and biology of insects were subsequently to become Chapman's main interests. His friend H.J. Turner wrote in his obituary: 'his chief pleasure was the investigation of details in insect life histories, and whether of Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera or Hymenoptera, it was always to discover an intricate relationship, to investigate some curious habit, some hitherto evasive economy. In this way he strongly urged the importance of the study of ancillary appendages... For many years he noted examples of teratology in insects'. (ERJV., 34, 1922, pp.58-60). In so far as these interests concerned beetles Chapman's most interesting work was perhaps on the parasitic activities of Rhipiphorus, about which he published various articles over several years including 'Some facts towards a life-history of Rhipiphorus paradoxus', 1870.

Smith (1986) lists Chapman's insect material in the HDO (without mentioning beetles specifically) and also some MSS: Letters to J.O. Westwood 1868 and 1870; drawings by Westwood including a few for Chapman's 1870 Rhipiphorus publication; letters from J. Hellins, 1870 and correspondence with Poulton, 1890-1912. She also mentions that Westwood's notes labelled 'Aptera, 1865', are relevant.

FES, FLS, FZS, and a member of the City of London, and South London Entomological Societies.

There are other obituaries in Ent. News, 33, 1922, pp.127-128; EMM, 58, 1922, pp.40-41 (by G.C. Champion, includes portrait); and Ent., 55, 1922, pp.44-48 (by W.G. Sheldon). (MD 3/02)

CHAPPELL, Joseph (1830 - 3 October 1896)

Mechanic in Sir Joseph Whitworth's works at Manchester where he lived most of his life. It is not known when he first acquired his interest in entomology but this must have been some time before 1865 when he published his first articles, on Lepidoptera and on Cryptocephalus bipustulatus in the EMM In preparing the latter he was helped by E.C. Rye.These were the first of some 26 or so articles on the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera mainly of the Manchester district. Chappell's activities were severely restricted by the amputation of a leg in about 1884. During the 1887 Jubilee exhibition in Manchester he was given charge of the living silk moths display.

According to J. Harold Bailey's obituary in the EMM, 32, 1896, p.262, Chappell's extensive collections were purchased by C.H. Schill of Cheadle. By 1958 17,000 British Coleoptera had passed to Mrs A. Stevenson of Edinburgh, who sold them to the RSM for £25. This collection (no. 1958.74) has now been amalgamated into the general collection. Chappell was well known to be a generous distributor of duplicates and I have seen other beetles collected by him in the foreign collection of J.W. Ellis at Liverpool Museum and in the Blatch collection at Manchester Museum.

Apart from the obituary mentioned above there are others in Ent., 29, 1896, p.376, and in Proc.ESL., 1896, xcv. Chappell is mentioned by W.E. Sharp, The Coleoptera of Lancashire and Cheshire, 1908, 12-13, who described him as 'an indefatigable field naturalist, more especially an entomologist, [who] explored the mosses round Manchester, and for many species of Coleoptera his are the only local records we possess'. (MD 3/02)

CHARLSON, S.

There are beetles in the Hall collection at Oldham Museum collected by Charlson. (Information from Simon Hayhow). (MD 3/02)

CHASTER, George William (1863 - 5 May 1910)

A Doctor who practised for most of his professional life at Southport where he was one of the founders of the Southport Natural Science Society and editor of their Proceedings. His natural history interests included the Foraminifera, on which he published many papers of the local fauna, the mollusca and the Coleoptera. His first article in the EMM: 'Stray notes on a few Southport Coleoptera' was published in 1900 (11, p.287.) and his last in the same periodical in January 1905. The Southport 'notes' derived from his 'Coleoptera of Southport and District' published in the Proceedings of the Southport Natural History Society, 1899 which in turn was apparently expanded in the Handbook of the British Association's visit to Southport in 1903 when Chaster contributed with Burgess Sopp what W.E. Sharp described as 'a most interesting and instructive section on the Coleoptera of the Southport district. This has been separately reprinted, and as a scientific contribution to faunistic distribution, as well as a guide to the Coleoptera of that particular district leaves nothing to be desired' (Op. cit., 1908, pp.14-15).

He also collected in Nottinghamshire (see J.W. Carr, The Invertebrate fauna of Nottinghamshire, 1916) and in Ireland (see Johnson & Halbert (1902) p.542). In this last he added two species from Roundstone to the Irish list (IN., 12, 1902, p.167) and published a list of specimens collected at Ballycastle, Co. Antrim with B. Tomlin (IN., 11, 1902, pp.61-65)

Chaster's collection, amounting to 11,000 insects, is in the NMW.

Chaster died at the early age of 47 from pleuro-pneumonia. There is a brief obituary in EMM, 46, 1910, pp.145-146. (MD 3/02)

CHEESMAN, Lucy Evelyn (1881 - 15 April 1969)

Born at Westwell, near Ashford, Kent. Educated at a private school where she learned French and German. Enjoyed the study of natural history as a child and after failing to gain entrance to the London Veterinary College because she was a woman, she became a canine nurse.

During the First World War she worked as a temporary Civil Servant with the Admiralty. After the War she came into contact with Grace Lefroy, through whose husband Maxwell she acquired the post of Curator of Insects at the Zoological Society of London, a post which she held from 1920-1926. During this period she attended Lefroy's lectures at the Royal College of Science, and wrote her first two books Everyday Doings of Insects, 1924, and The Great Little Insect, 1924.

In 1924 she travelled to the West Indies, Galapagos Islands and South Pacific with the St. George's Expedition as official entomologist, an account of which she published under the title Islands in the Sun, 1927. At Tahiti she left the expedition to continue collecting alone, and having stayed away longer than her leave would permit had to resign her post at the Zoological Society. On returning to London she continued to study entomology at the Natural History Museum until she could gather sufficient funds to finance a second collecting trip to the New Hebrides which took place 1929-1931. As a result of these trips collecting abroad became her great passion and she visited Papua 1933-1934, Cyclops Mountains of Dutch New Guinea, 1936, Waigeu and Japan, Dutch New Guinea and the Torricelli Mountains Mandated Territory 1938-1939, New Caledonia 1949-1950, and Aneityum, New Hebrides, 1954-1955. Her adventures on these journeys which she undertook alone, are recounted in her autobiography Things Worth While, 1957.

Miss Cheesman's main entomological interests were the Hymenoptera and Hemiptera although the many thousands of insects she sent to the NHM during her travels included beetles (listed in Riley (1964). A large amount of MS material is also in the NHM (listed in Harvey et al. (1996) pp.44-46)

FRES 1919-1937 and from 1947, FZS 1922-1937. She received the OBE in 1955.

There are obituaries in EMM,105, 1969, pp.217-219 (by K.G.V. Smith, from which much of the above is taken. Includes portrait and full bibliography); Times, 17 April 1969; and Proc.RESL, 34, 1969-1970 (C), p.61. (MD 3/02)

CHEVRIER, Frederic (1801-1884)

Not British and strictly speaking therefore should not be included, but deserves mention because his collection in Liverpool Museum is one of the oldest intact collections of beetles in the country. It contains about 6,000 specimens collected in Southern Europe c.1825-1849 and is housed in what appears to be a home-made cabinet of 22 drawers. The material is not British but does include types. According to correspondence in the Liverpool Museum with the Museum of Natural History in Geneva, Chevrier lived on Lake Geneva and sold the collection to the Liverpool Institution in 1849. It then passed to Bootle and Southport before being exchanged by the latter for 300 specimens in 1979. The collection is accompanied by a manuscript catalogue including a list of collectors (mentions F. Hope and W. Spence). (I am grateful to Ian Wallace for information) (MD 3/02)

CHILDREN, John G. (18 May (July?) 1777 - 1 January 1852)

The only son of George Children, a banker and wealthy landed property owner.Educated at Tonbridge Grammar School, Eton and Queen's College, Cambridge. He intended to join the church, but after marrying at the age of 21, Anna Holroyd who died shortly after, he abandoned this career, and travelled to Portugal and then to Canada and the United States of America. He returned to become a Captain in the West Kent Militia, but gave this up in 1805 as a result of ill health.Having studied mechanics, mineralogy and electricity at Cambridge, he then took up scientific pursuits becoming FRS in 1807. In 1808-09 he married for a second time but lost his wife a few months later. It was at about this time that he made a second visit to Spain.

In 1816, two year's before his father's death, the family lost all their properties as a result of the failure of the Tonbridge Bank. Through the kindness of Lord Camden he received an appointment as Assistant Librarian at the British Museum, first in the Department of Antiquities and subsequently in 1823, as a result of the intervention of Sir Humphry Davy, in Natural History. When the Zoological Department was created in 1837 he was appointed the first Keeper, a post which he held until 1839-40, when, as a result of failing health and the death of his third wife, he was obliged to retire.

Although not primarily an entomologist, Children did collect insects and was one of the founder members and first President of the Entomlogical Society. The meeting at which it was decided to found the Society took place in his house, and Children contributed the Introduction to the Society's first volume of Transactions (see Neave & Griffin (1933), for an account of Children and his involvement with the Society).

Children's collection of insects certainly included beetles and appears to have been large. His obituary in the Proc.LSL, 1852, p.137, described the collection as 'one of the most extensive in England' and noted that he had purchased the collection of Count Bilberg. He certainly gave specimens to the Entomological Society and, in 1839, to the British Museum. When the collection was sold by Stevens between 30 March and 4 April 1840 it amounted to 950 lots, many of which were bought by the British Museum. (These are listed in the NHM Entomology Department's Register. Entomology, 2 , 12 October 1839-2 April 1840 which records many thousands of specimens including 4,490 Coleoptera. Catalogues of this sale, and of his library at Sothebys between 6 and 8 March 1840, are preserved in the NHM. The insects have been amalgamated into the general collections. There are also specimens collected by Children in the Bracy Clarke collection at the NHM found by Dr Easton in an antique shop.

Davis & Brewer (1986) note that a collection of worldwide insects is in the Hancock Museum donated in 1830 by 'George Children' which is presumably this Children.

Letters to Thomas Hope, 1834, 1837, are in the HDO (Smith (1986) p.71)

Jonathan Cooter tells me that Sandra Children, who married the last survivor of J.G. Children's line, has exhibited at Hereford Museum.

FLS from 1807. Secretary of the RSL 1820-27 and 1830-37.

Gilbert (1977) p.67, lists further references in E. Miller, That Noble Cabinet, 1973, pp. 227-231, and in A.E. Gunther, A Century of Zoology at the British Museum 1815-1915, 1975, pp.56-62. (MD 3/02)

Lydia Oliva, a photographic historian from Barcelona, informs me that Children's only daughter, Anna Atkins, (on whom she has been working) published a book of photographs in 1843 (i.e. before Fox Talbot’s Pencil of Nature) and that she was introduced to photography by her father. Children went to live with his daughter in Halstead Place, London, after he retired. (MD 10/03)

CHIPPENDALE, H.

Listed by Arrow, G.J. FBI Lamellicornia. Part II, 1917, as a collector of Rutelinae at Simla. (MD 3/02)

CHIPPERFIELD, Horace Edward (b. 17 July 1906)

Banker (retired 1966) who mainly collected Lepidoptera, but also interested himself in Hymenoptera and Coleoptera.

FRES from 1950. Member of BENHS. Hon Treasurer Suffolk Naturalists 1950. (MD 3/03)

CHITTY, Arthur John (27 May 1859 - 6 January 1908)

Eldest son of the Right Hon. Lord Justice Chitty. Educated at Eton, where he became the head of his house and a member of the cricket eleven, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was well known for his sporting prowess. Became a barrister. Married the daughter of Sir John Croft of Doddington, Kent and had three children. He was for many years Secretary of the All English Lawn Tennis Club, and a keen violinist and astronomer.

Chitty's entomological interests began at least as early as 1869 when his brother remembered him collecting butterflies (EMM, 44, 1908, p.43). At Oxford he is recorded to have set up ants nests for observation, isolating them in sponge baths containing water. Although he continued to be interested in these and other orders, it was the Coleoptera to which he devoted most attention, and about which he published most of his articles.

His first publication on 'Beetles from North Wales' appeared in the EMM, 27, 1891 and was followed by some 30 others. He also wrote for the ERJV, the staff of which he joined in 1907. Amongst his more important publications were those dealing with the fauna around the district of Huntingfield and Faversham in Kent, in the former of which he had a country house; his addition of Graptodytes (Hydroporus) bilineatus, taken in sandhills at Deal, to the British list (ibid., 39, 1903, p.143); and his 'Notes on the genus Cryptophagus, with a table of the species' (ibid., 43, 1907, pp.164-171).

Chitty's insect collections were given to the HDO by Mrs Chitty in 1908 (see Smith (1986) p.108 for explanation of some of the labels) The HDO also has a manuscript list of the collection made by Claude Morley and letters to Poulton 1906,1907,1921.

FES from 1891 (Council 1902-04 and 1906-07).

Apart from the obituary by E. Saunders in EMM noted above, there are others in ERJV., 20, 1908, pp.45-47; Ent., 41, 1908, p.48; and Proc.ESL, 1908, p.xcviii (by C.O. Waterhouse). (MD 3/02)

CHRYSTAL, R. Neil

Published 'An Entomological Tour in Sweden in August 1933' in EMM, 70, 1934, pp.102-107, which includes various references to Coleoptera. He seems to have been a forest entomologist and was at one time attached to the Hope Department at Oxford. He reviewed a book on forest entomology in ibid., 76, 1940, p.13. and his own Insects of the British Woodlands, 1937, became a standard text.

CHURLEY, M.

There are beetles bearing this name in the Hall collection at Oldham Museum (Information from Simon Hayhow) (MD 3/02)

CLARK, Bracy

A collection of 2,464 insects made by Bracy Clark was found in an antique shop and purchased for the NHM by Dr Easton. It included paintings of insects by Clark pinned into a drawer and specimens from J.G. Children, Forsstroem and, possibly, Dru Drury. Smith (1986) p.71 notes a letter to Westwood, 1842, in the HDO together with a MS list of Oestrus by Westwood. (MD 3/02)

CLARK, Eustace F.

Lived at Ufton Rectory, nr. Southam, Warwickshire. Published 'Capture of Xylotrechus liciatus L. in Warwickshire' in EMM, 14, 1877, pp.140-141. (The specimen, a continental species of cerambycid, now Rusticoclytus rusticus L.) was found crawling live on the wall of his stables in the third week of August). (MD 3/02)

CLARK, Hamlet (30 March 1823 - 10 June 1867)

Born in Navenby, Lincolnshire. Became a Reverend. Died at Rhyl in North Wales.

Edward Newman, who wrote Clark's obituary in EMM, 4, 1867, pp.43-44, recorded that he was 'Indefatigable in collecting, possessed of an earnest love for Entomology, and uniting an innate rapidity of perception to a capability of unwearied application ... [he] will long be remembered as one of that band of pioneers which cleared a starting point for us out of the confusion of older authors; and it is by his labours in the Hydradephaga, Phytophaga and certain groups of the Rhyncophora that the Coleopterists of this country have chiefly benefitted. His works on exotic Phytophaga and Hydradephaga have procured for him a universal reputation'.

Clark's interest in entomology developed while he was in his teens and he published his first article 'Captures near Towcester' in Ent., 1, 1842, pp.409-410. This was followed by notes of further interesting captures in Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire and at Whittlesea Mere, and in 1855 by his 'Synonymic list of the British carnivorous water beetles, together with critical remarks and notices of foreign allied species' (Zoo., 14, pp.4846-4869). 'A synonymic list of the British species of Philhydrida' followed in the same periodical in the following year and at this time he also collaborated with J.F. Dawson on a re-arrangement of the nomenclature of the British ground beetles. From this date until shortly before his death almost all of Clark's twenty or so publications were on foreign beetles as noted above. The most important, a world catalogue of Phytophaga, in which he collaborated with Henry Walter Bates, was incomplete at his death, one part only being published in 1866.

Clark undertook several trips abroad which were published by Van Voorst as Letters Home from Spain, Algeria and Brazil, during past Entomological Rambles, London, 1867.

The major part of Clark's collections of Hydradephaga and Phytophaga were purchased by the British Museum in 1867. (Waterhouse (1906), p.583 adds an interesting note about these: 'Clark purchased the collections of Laferte and Chevrolat, as well as considerable numbers from the collections of James Thomson (I am not sure that he purchased Thomson's entire collection; he probably divided it up with Baly, but I remember seeing the collection at his house in its original state with the large round coloured tickets) and others. All these are incorporated with the general collection'. The Hydradephaga are recorded to have numbered 8,000 specimens and the Phytophaga 56,000 specimens, although Gunther (1912), p.21, records the number of the latter as 5,600. Clark's collections of British Coleoptera and Lepidoptera are recorded by Chalmers-Hunt (1976) pp.103,105 to have been sold at Stevens' auction rooms in 1865, and his library in July 1867. Ashley Kirk-Spriggs tells me that there are specimens from France and Algiers dated 1861 in the Rippon Collection at Cardiff.

Smith (1986) p.71 records MS material in the HDO: Letters to Hope, 1848, and to Westwood, 1860-5, and notes concerning Cryptocephalidae from New Holland in the Hope and Westwood collection.

J.F. Dawson named Lopha (Bembidion) clarkii, which he discovered in the marshes at Herringstone, near Dorchester, after Clark, who he described as his 'friend and companion'.

There are references to Clark in Janson's MS diary at Cambridge, and in the contemporary literature, eg. Johnson & Halbert (1902) p.543, and Dawson (1854) pp.67,135,157,199. The Ent. Ann. records his addresses in 1857 and 1860 as Portman and Manchester Squares, London, respectively. To the obituary listed above may be added Zoo., 2, 1867, p.840; Proc.LSL., 8, 1867, pp. c-ci; and Ent., 3, 1867, p.304 (by E. Newman). Clark's Australian researches are recorded by Musgrave (1932) p.48. (MD 2/02)

CLARK, John (21 March 1885 - 1 June 1956)

Born in Glasgow. Moved to Australia where he was employed for a time by the Queensland Government Railways. Entered Agricultural Department of Western Australia on 1 October 1920, and was assistant entomologist until he was appointed entomologist to the National Museum, Melbourne, Victoria in 1926., a post which he held for twenty years. Clark worked mainly on ants but his publications did include two articles on myrmecophilous beetles (listed by Musgrave, (1932).

There is an obituary by W.L. Brown in Ent. News, 67, 1956, pp.197-199. (MD 2/02)

CLARK, J.T.

Published a number of articles on Lucanus cervus L. in Essex Nat., Trans. Suffolk Nat. Soc., and EMM. between 1964 and 1967. These included comprehensive notes on distribution and size variation. Lived at Lessenden, 8 Lexden Road, Colchester, Essex. (MD 2/02)

CLARKE, H.B.

Listed in the Ent. Ann., 1857, as interested in British Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. His address is given as Low Pavement, Nottingham. (MD 2/02)

CLARKE, J.

Listed in the Ent. Ann., 1857 as interested in British Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Lived at the same address as H.B. Clarke (see above). (MD 3/02)

CLARKE, Leonard Graham

This name and the date 24 July 1860 is inscribed in my copy of Thomas Martyn, The English Entomologist, 1792. Clarke was a rector at Bishopstone, Nr Salisbury, Wilts.

CLARKE, M.S.

Gave Lepidoptera and other insects including beetles to the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society, most collected in 1930s - 50s. (See Hancock & Pettitt (1981)). (MD 3/02)

CLARKE, R.

Published with Eric Philp 'Graphoderus cinereus (L) in Sussex' in EMM, 105, 1969, p.37. (MD 3/02)

CLARKE, Robin Oscar Stewart (b. 4 August 1943)

Wrote the volume of Heteroceridae (1973) in the series of Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. He was attached to Sheffield Museum in 1964 and was also associated with NHM (in an amateur capacity). Last heard of disappearing to Ethiopia in the early 1970s. (Information from Jonathan Cooter, Colin Welch and Eric Gowing-Scopes). (MD 3/03)

CLAXTON, W.G.

Listed by G.E. Bodkin (see earlier entry) in 1919 as having helped with his work on the Coleoptera of New Guinea. (MD 3/02)

CLAYTON, Miss

Listed as a subscriber to Denny (1825). Lived at Chapel Field, Norwich. (MD 3/02)

CLEAR, William

Listed as a subscriber to Denny (1825). Lived in Cork. This is presumably the same 'Mr Clear' who is mentioned in Dawson (1854) p.105, and by Johnson & Halbert (1902) pp.571,595. (MD 3/02)

CLEARE, L.D. (Jnr.)

Mentioned by G.E. Bodkin (see earlier entry) in 1919 as having helped with his work on New Guinea beetles. (MD 3/02)

CLEARY, W.D.

Mentioned by G.E. Bodkin (see earlier entry) in 1919 as having helped with his work on New Guinea beetles. (MD 3/02)

CLEGG, T.M.

Worked in Doncaster Museum until becoming Curator of York Museum in 1967. There are various beetles collected by him in the general collection at Doncaster. (MD 3/02)

CLEMENT, W.R.

Accessions Book (18) in Birmingham Museum lists Clement as having given two specimens of Melanophila acuminata (Degeer) taken at Windsor on 19 July 1921. He lived at 31 Stanley Road, Oxford. (MD 3/02)

CLEMENTS, H.A.B.

Published 'Miscodera arctica (Payk.) and other Carabidae in Sherwood Forest' in EMM, 103, 1967, p.25. Lived at 13 Lansdowne Road, Shepshed, Loughborough, Leicestershire. (MD 3/02)

CLINGING, Robert

A Doctor. He donated small numbers of Coleoptera collected in South Yorkshire and Derbyshire between 1976-80, to the Sheffield Museum (I am grateful to Steve Garland for this information). (MD 3/02)

COBBOLD, T.

Listed as a subscriber to Denny (1825). Lived at Catton. (MD 3/02)

COCKAYNE, Edward Alfred (3 October 1880 - 1955)

Well known Lepidopterist and worker on genetics. His Publications on teratology included 'Cantharidae with reduplicated legs' in EMM, 79, 1943, p.200. (MD 3/02)

COCKCROFT, G.E.D.

There are various specimens in the general collection at Doncaster Museum bearing this name. (MD 3/02)

COCKERELL, Theodore Dru Alison (22 August 1866 - 1948)

Well known American entomologist who did vast amounts of systematic work in many orders of animals, and also in plants and fossils. Born in Norwood, South London. Educated at various private schools and at the Middlesex Hospital, before moving to Jamaica, where he was curator of the Museum 1891-1893, and then to America. There are references to beetles in his entomological work although this was mainly confined to the Coccidae and to Hymenoptera. Beetles are among the many insects he gave to the British Museum between 1886 and his death.

Gilbert (1977) lists 19 obituaries, etc.. (MD 3/02)

COCKS, T.

Mentioned in Stephens (1828) p.176. (A copy of Janson, E.W., British Beetles, bearing his bookplate, was owned by Quaritchs in c.1985). (MD 3/02)

CODRINGTON, R.

Gave 588 insects of various orders from North East Rhodesia to the NHM in 1906 (Riley (1964) p.29) (MD 3/02)

COE, R.L.

Gave 8,890 insects of all orders from Yugoslavia to the British Museum in 1958 (Riley (1964) p.46. This was his second visit. He also travelled to Nepal in 1962. (MD 3/02)

COFFIN, E. Pine

There are five double boxes of insects of all orders collected by Pine in Mexico in the HDO (acquired through Westwood in 1857) together with accompanying MS material concerning habitats (Smith (1986) pp.71,110). (MD 3/02)

COGHILL, K.J.

Published 'Crioceris lilii Scop.in Flintshire' in EMM, 82, 1946, p.51. He was attached at the time to the Department of Agricultural Entomology at Manchester University. (MD 3/02)

COHEN, M.

A Doctor. His collection is mentioned by C.A. Collingwoood in EMM, 94, 1958, p.167. It included specimens of Cryptocephalus bipunctatus (L) and Elater nigrinus Pk. labelled 'Holker 1941'. (MD 3/02)

COLLENETTE, Cyril Leslie (1888 - 2 November 1959)

Well known Lepidopterist and Ornithologist who travelled extensively and was much involved with both the Royal Entomological Society and the British Entomological and Natural History Society. I have not seen any specific references to his collecting beetles but T. James tells me that there are one or two specimens in the D.G. Hall collection in the North Hertfordshire Museums collection which bear his name.

There are obituaries in EMM, 95, 1959, p.276 (by Cynthia Longfield); London Naturalist, 39, 1959, pp.136-138 (includes portrait) and Proc.RESL., 24(C), 1959-60, pp.52-53. (MD 3/02)

COLLETT, Edward Pyemont (1863 - 3 January 1937)

Collett first became interested in beetles while apprenticed to G. Henry in Hastings as a student dentist, through contact with the Rev. E.N. Bloomfield. Subsequently he became friendly with E.A. Butler who also introduced him to the study of Hemiptera. It was while living on the south coast that he had an accident resulting in the loss of his right eye. Harry Britten, in an obituary in EMM, 73, 1937, p.92 recorded that 'he was well known to the old collectors, and loved to recount interesting outings with Edward Saunders, T.R. Billups, and others of that period... Later his professional career claimed his time, and after qualifying as a dentist he came to Manchester in 1885. During the War he went to live at Windermere, where fishing for Char formed his chief recreation, though he also took a keen interest in war medals, forming a large collection, and was considered an expert on this subject. From 1916 until the death of his friend E.A. Butler he collected all the Hemiptera around Windermere and district and sent them to his friend...'

Collett published annual notes on the Coleoptera of the Hastings district in the EMM for three years from 1881, in which he was helped by his brother H.F. Collett (see below). Britten, who clearly knew Collett reasonably well, mentions that he resumed publishing notes in the EMM, after a period of fifty years, in 1935. This is surprising and appears to be a mistake, because all three articles in the magazine in that year are recorded as by H.R. Collett (see below). The last piece by E.P. Collett of which I know is 'Coccinella labilis in the Hastings district' (ibid., 18, 1881, p.139.)

Collett's collection is now in the Manchester Museum and according to Hancock & Pettit (1981), is supported by very poor data. They note that according to a note published in 1911 the collection was already in Manchester at that time along with the Hemiptera.

Apart from the obituary already mentioned there are others in Arb. morph. taxon. Ent. Berl., 4, 1937, p.241 and in NWN.,12, 1937, pp.63-64. (MD 3/02)

COLLETT, H.F.

Brother of Edward Pyemont Collett (See above). Published one note with him 'Coleoptera near Hastings' in EMM, 18, 1881, p.139. At this time they lived at the same address in Springfield Road, St. Leonards on Sea. That they were brothers is confirmed in the same magazine 20, 1884, p.190 where Edward refers to 'his brother' finding Panagaeus cruxmajor 'crawling on his trowsers'. (MD 3/02)

COLLETT, H.R.P.

Published various notes on Hemiptera in the 1930s and 'Notes on the emergence of Pyrochroa coccinea' in EMM, 71, 1935, pp.112-113. His collection of some 10,000 specimens was presented to the Manchester Museum in 1956. The nature of his relationship to Edward Pyemont Collett is not clear but it was sufficiently close for Harry Britten to confuse, apparently, the two (see E.P. Collett above).

COLLEY, H.G. (1898 - 1963)

Keith Lewis informs me that at the AES exhibition in 2002 he purchased about 2000 beetles, mostly Carabids, from the collection of the late Mr H.G. Colley, and that he has since received two letters from J.E. Colley, H.G.'s son, which state that his father was born at Camberwell and "was a keen Coleopterist from my early memory (I'm 75). We lived at Sea Mills near Bristol from 1934 to 1935 before moving to Rickmansworth. He retired in 1961 due to ill health. My father also bred a number of butterflies... He was an intelligent and assiduous man... I gave Mr May a cabinet of eight drawers full of specimens (Coleoptera)." The collection includes a number of specimens bearing A.A. Allen's name received by exchange in the 1950s. (MD 10/03)

COLLIER, Henry Marshall (24 April 1892 - 7 July 1976)

There is a brief obituary notice in Proc. RESL, (C) 40. 1976, p.51: 'an amateur with wide interests - flies, beetles, lepidopterans, and grasses. He was elected a Fellow in 1946 and was 82 when he died. He illustrates the still wide range of our Fellowship for he earned his living as an engineering storekeeper. I do not know how much, if at all, he attended our meetings here but he was an active member of the Darlington and North Yorkshire Field Club, where his long and wide experience was doubtless invaluable.' (MD 3/03)

COLLIN, James Edward (16 March 1876 - 16 June 1968)

Famous Dipterist. Presented a collection of 1,916 Coleoptera formed by A.E.J. Carter to the RSM in 1925. (MD 3/02)

COLLINGWOOD, C.A.

Well-known ant specialist. Published a number of articles on beetles in the 1950s while working for the National Agricultural Advisory Service. They included 'The Biology of Epipolaeus caliginosus F.' in EMM, 90, 1954, p.169; 'Uncommon beetles in the West Midlands', ibid., p.197; 'Myrmechixenus subterraneus Chev. in Derbyshire', ibid., 93, 1957, p. 142; and 'Cryptocephalus bipunctatus (L) in North Lancashire', ibid., 94, 1958, p.167. He also published a note on Irish Coleoptera in Ent. Gaz., 10, 1959, pp.39-42 and a paper on myrmecophilus species in Ireland, Scotland and Wales in ERJV, 77, 1965, pp. 45-47. (MD 3/02)

COLLINS, C.E.

Norman Joy refers to 'looking over the collection of C.E. Collins' in EMM, 40, 1904, p.14. At that time Collins, who lived at Calcot, near Reading, had recently died. His collection passed to Reading Museum. It includes a specimen of Medon dilutus identified by Joy (Peter Hammond says correctly) but, interestingly, not included by him in his Handbook (Information from John Owen). (MD 3/03)

COLLINS, G.B.

Published 'Amara monitvega Sturm., some further records' in EMM, 86, 1950, p.206. (MD 3/02)

COLLINS, J.

A collection of some 70 beetles made by Collins between 1907 and 1937 mainly in Oxfordshire, but also in Cheshire, Berkshire and Cumberland, is in the Sheffield Museum. (I am grateful to Steve Garland for pointing this out to me.) (Is this J.J. Collins perhaps? See below.) (MD 3/02)

COLLINS, Joseph Joynson (1865 - 3 April 1942)

Born in Warrington and at the age of 13 was working as a wire-drawer in a wire rope works. He became interested in Lepidoptera and in 1905 moved to Oxford as a temporary assistant in the Hope Department.Smith (1987) p.30 quotes Collins's letter of appointment dated 30 January 1905: 'to be in the Department & begin work at 7.30 each week-day, having had breakfast before arrival, or taking it during & without interrupting his work. An hour's interval for lunch or dinner... Work resumed in the afternoon...& continued till 5.30 except on Saturdays when there is no work in the afternoon. Nett result 9 hrs per day for 5 days; 6 hrs on Saturday: Total 51 hours per week...'. She also notes that Collins soon came under the influence of J.J. Walker and William Holland who involved him in the study of the Coleoptera on which he subsequently worked until his retirement at the age of 70 in November 1935.

Collins' main beetle collection is in the Horniman Museum. It contains about 15,500 specimens in 34 cabinet drawers from England, Scotland and Wales with a few from Ireland. Not all the specimens bear a collector's label, those that do include the names of J.J. Walker, W. Holland, N. Joy, C.E. Tottenham and H. Donisthorpe. Most of the specimens date from the late 1890s to the mid 1940s (I am grateful to Christine Wildhaber for this information. The Horniman Museum would be pleased to hear from anyone knowing more about the collection). Other insect collections including Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera are housed in the HDO, along with some notebooks and other manuscript material. I have also seen beetles collected by Collins in the general collection at Manchester Museum and in the E.C. Bedwell collection at the Castle Museum, Norwich. Further collections of Diptera, Hymenoptera, etc. are mentioned by Hancock & Pettit (1981).

There is an obituary in NWN., 17, 1942, pp.113-114. (MD 3/02)

COLSON, Bruce H.

Oliver Janson states in his manuscript Journal, now in the Cambridge University Zoology Museum, that Colson gave Coleoptera to him in July 1866.

COLYER, Charles Norman (2 May 1908 - 15 August 1970)

Well known Dipterist. There are a few beetles collected by him in the N. Hertfordshire Museum at Baldock, ex coll. D.G.Hall. (I am grateful to Trevor James for bringing these to my attention) (MD 3/02)

CONNELL, Ernest B.

Connell's collections in the Sheffield Museum include a few hundred Coleoptera from the West Indies, especially Trinidad. He was a Captain. (I am grateful to Steve Garland for this information.) (MD 3/02)

CONNEY, W.O.

Peter Hodge informs me that he determined a collection of beetles in Liverpool Museum in 1995 made by W.O. Conney. "There are about 1000 specimens housed in 9 home-made polished wooden boxes. The specimens are dated between 1960 and 1973 but there are several specimens from other collectors, mainly R. Wilding." (MD 10/03)

CONSTANTINE, W.L.

Mentioned by Sharpe (1908) p.13 as one of the 'students and collectors of Coleoptera belonging perhaps to a somewhat different social order [i.e. not working class]... happily still surviving'. Sharp notes that Constantine retained his own collection at this time. He is listed in Ent. Ann., 1857, at 7 St. Andrew Sreet, Blackburn, Lancashire. (MD 3/02)

CONYBEARE, William David (1787-1857)

A Reverend. Attached to St. Botolphs Church, Bishopsgate, London at the time of his death. Included a piece about fossil Coleoptera in his Outline of the Geology of England and Wales, 1822. (MD 3/02)

COOKE

Chalmers-Hunt (1976) mentions that Cooke sold a collection of various natural history specimens including Coleoptera at Bullocks on 12 February 1898. (MD 3/02)

COOKE, Benjamin (16 September 1816 -4 February 1883)

Brother of Nicholas Cooke, the Lepidopterist. Lived at various addresses in Manchester, Southport, etc.. Cooke's interests covered Diptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera and Hymenoptera in particular, and these were the subject of most his 20 or so published notes. He was interested in beetles too, however, and I have seen foreign specimens collected by him in the W.W. Ellis collection in Liverpool Museum.

Cooke's main collection of Coleoptera, Diptera and minor orders was sold by Stevens on 19 June 1883. It appears to have been purchased by Janson who subsequently sold it to P. Mason, from whom it passed to Bolton Museum. A note in the Insect Department Register in the Cambridge University Museum states that E.A. Newbery acquired Cooke's 20 drawer cabinet after Janson had cleared the insects out of it. Gilbert (1977) lists seven obituaries. (MD 3/02)

Sharon Reid of the Central Science Laboratory (DEFRA), York, informs me that there are specimens in the F. Bates collection there labelled 'ex Cooke' which is presumably this Cooke. (See BATES, F. and WILLIAMS, B.S.). (MD 10/03)

COOKE, Brian Digby (1940? - 1960)

Hancock & Pettit (1981) record a collection made by Cooke of some 2,000 British beetles in the Manchester Museum. It is accompanied by manuscript notebooks, identification notes/translated keys, and drawings of specimens. Cooke lived at Marple, Cheshire and died in Malaya while on National Service.

COOKE, Matthew (16 February 1829 - 25 August 1887)

Born at Bushmills in Northern Ireland. Emigrated to North America in April 1850. In October 1862 took up residence in California where he subsequently became that state's first economic entomologist. His many publications, the most famous of which was Injurious insects of the orchard, vineyard, field, garden, conservatory, household, storehouse, domestic animals, etc. with remedies for their extermination, 1883, include various references to beetles. He died at Sacramento, California.

There is an account of Cooke in E.O. Essig, History of Entomology, 1931, pp.581-584.

COOLING, David A.

Published 'Records of aquatic Coleoptera from rivers in southern England' in Ent. Gaz., 32, 1981, pp.103-113. At the time he was attached to the Freshwater Biological Association River Laboratory as a contract biologist and the collections he made were deposited there. Subsequently gave up this work to take up a new career in computing. (Information from D.A.C.) (MD 3/02)

COOMBS, C.W.

Worked at the Pest Infestation Laboratory at Slough. Published a number of articles on Cryptophagus species with Woodroffe including their comprehensive: 'A revision of the British species of Cryptophagus (Herbst)', in Trans.RESL, 106 (6), 1955, 237-282, which introduced two species new to science, eight species new to the British list, and a further eight species which had previously been widely misidentified. These included additions in earlier articles by both authors eg. 'Two species of Cryptophagus new to Britain', EMM, 88, 1952, pp.259-260.

In conjunction with Woodroffe, Coombes also published notes on other genera, eg. 'Salebius tarsalis Casey imported into Britain', ibid., 90, 1953, p.186; 'Some factors affecting mortality of eggs and newly emerged larvae of Ptinus tectus Boieldieu', J. animal. Ecol., 31, 1962, pp.471-480; and 'Interactions between grain beetles Sitophilus granarius L. and Ptinus tectus Boieldieu', ibid., 99, 1963, pp.36-38. In conjunction with J.A. Freeman he published 'The insect fauna of an empty granary', Bull. ent. Res., 46(2), 1955, 399-417.

COOPER, Abraham (1787-1868)

Born in London the son of a tobacconist and inn keeper. He received almost no financial support from his father from an early age and worked in Astley's Theatre under his uncle Davis, where he was employed in mimic battles and pageants. Spent much of his leisure time making sketches, and in 1809, without any instruction, succeeded in painting a favourite horse belonging to Sir Henry Meux so successfully that it was purchased by the owner. This was the start of an artistic career which eventually led to his being elected Royal Academician in 1820. Most of his pictures were of small dimensions and represented groups of horses and animals, field sports, and battles in olden time. He died at Greenwich.

Stephens (1828) makes a number of references to beetles in the collection of 'my friend A. Cooper RA'. In 1858 Cooper wrote to the EWI.: 'I have duplicates of Cicindela germanica also Cleonus nebulosus and should be most happy to exchange them for Carabus intricatus or clathratus'. Two years later he is listed in the Ent. Ann. as being interested in 'British insects' and living at 19 New Millman Street, Guildford Street, London WC.

Chalmers-Hunt (1976) records that Cooper's collection of British insects was sold on 3 May 1869 by Stevens. The manuscript journal of Oliver E. Janson in the Cambridge University Museum states that it was bought by his father and formed 'part of the ... collection which he has recently ceded to me'.

There are accounts of Cooper in most of the standard art reference works. (MD 3/02)

COOPER, Beowulf A.

One of the founding members of the Amateur Entomologists Society. Published a number of notes on Coleoptera, particularly Elateridae and their larvae, in the EMM during the period 1945 - 1947. He was attached for most of this time to the Department of Agriculture at the University of Leeds. He susequently joined the National Agricultural Advisory Service at Cambridge. At one time he lived at 'Elater', 27 Spilsby Road, Boston, Lincolnshire.

There are specimens of Elateridae collected by him in the general collection at Doncaster Museum.

Member BENHS from 1936 and Life Member in 1978. Also member of the AES where his interests were listed in 1945 when as General entomology, Lepidoptera, Migration, Ecology, Economic Entomology, and Coleoptera especially Elateridae. (MD 3/02)

COOPER, Joyce OMER-. See OMER-COOPER, Joyce

COOPER, M.

Brother of S.H. Cooper (see below) and apparently shared his interests in Diptera and Coleoptera. Recorded as taking Stilbus oblongus (Erichs.) at Reigate, Surrey in May 1960, in EMM, 110, 1974, p.84. (MD 3/02)

COOPER, Michael Clifford (b. 25 September 1937)

Lived at Enfield, Middlesex and collected Coleoptera.

FRES from 1962 – before 2002. (MD 3/03)

COOPER, S.H.

Brother of M. Cooper (see above). Published 'New records of Diptera and Coleoptera from Surrey, Berkshire and Herefordshire' in EMM, 110, 1974, p.84. Lived at Brookside, Llanwarre, Herefordshire. (MD 3/02)

COOPER, W.F.

Published 'The Water Beetles' in Recreation Science, 3, 1862, pp.83-87. (MD 3/02)

COPE, J.E.

Main contributor to the C.G.Hall collection at Oldham Museum. Specimens date from 1874-1943 and are mainly from Lancs. Cheshire, Oxon. and Derbys. They include Copris lunaris and Labistamis bidentata and are not housed in matchboxes as has been suggested. (Information from Simon Hayhow). Hancock & Pettitt (1981) record that Cope presented a collection of British (mainly north-west) and 'North America' beetles to Manchester Museum in 1957. (MD 4/02)

COPLAND, M.J.W.

Published (with P.E.King) 'The occurrence of Metoecus paradoxus L. in Glamorgan' in EMM, 105, 1969, p.114. (MD 4/02)

CORBET, Philip

Presented 6,000 insects from Uganda, including Coleoptera, to the NHM in 1956. (MD 4/02)

CORBETT, G.Q.

Arrow (1917) mentions that Corbett caught Rutelinae in Burma. This is presumably the same Corbett that Fowler (1912) mentions collected beetles at Tharawaddy and Pegu. (MD 4/02)

CORBETT, Herbert Henry (1856 - 5 January 1921)

Born at Besses o'th'Barn, Lancashire, the son of an architect. His father was keen that he should follow the same career but he took up medicine instead, studying at Owen's College, Manchester. After graduating he worked for different periods in Cheadle, Liverpool, and Bolton before moving to Doncaster in 1888/9. Corbett had considerable ability and knowledge in a wide range of fields from music to geology, and is also recorded to have had the power of simultaneous, independent ambidexterity. It is not surprising, therefore, that he quickly made an impact on the literary and scientific life of the town, re-envigorating the local Natural History and Antiquarian Society, of which he and his wife Jesse, the daughter of the entomologist S.J.Capper, were active members, and putting in hand the establishment of the local Museum, of which he became first Curator.

Corbett's initial entomological interest appears to have been the Lepidoptera on which he published his first article in 1876. His interest in beetles was apparently aided by Edwin Bayford who wrote in his obituary of Corbett in the Naturalist: 'Soon after he came to Doncaster, a note of mine, which appeared in the Naturalist caused him to seek my acquaintance, and soon he began to study the Coleoptera. In this order he did excellent work, as a cursory glance at the list of Yorkshire species in the Victoria County History will show' (1921, pp.145-147). Many of his captures, which included Diptera and Hymenoptera as well as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, are recorded in the pages of this magazine.

Corbett's collection of Coleoptera, which may amount to some 500-700 specimens, is housed in the Doncaster Museum where it has been amalgamated into the general collection.

Apart from the obituary already mentioned, there are others in Ent.News., 32, 1921, p.192; EMM, 57, 1921, pp.66-67; Proc.LSL., 1920-21, pp.46-47; and Proc.ESL., 1921, p.cxxix. (MD 4/02)

CORBETT, H. Vincent (d.1918)

Son of Herbert Henry Corbett. Recorded in EMM, 57, 1921, p.67 to have become 'a very promising Coleopterist and Hemipterist' at the time of his death as a Captain in the First World War. (MD 4/02)

CORDER, Francis (1833-1907)

Davis and Brewer (1986) p.45 record that Corder donated a collection of 600 Coleoptera (worldwide) to Sunderland Museum in 1898. Lepidoptera and birds' eggs collected by him are also in the Museum. (MD 4/02)

CORDER, James Watson (1867-1953)

Davis and Brewer (1986) pp.45-46 record that Corder gave a collection of 600 Coleoptera from Brazil to Sunderland Museum on 1 March 1898. 'The specimens were most likely amalgamated with the Earl of Durham Collection & are probably so labelled'. (MD 4/02)

CORNWALLIS

Fowler (1912) mentions that Cornwallis collected Neocollyris species in the Andaman Islands. (MD 4/02)

COSTRICK

Published 'On Coleoptera or Beetles' in Report of the Eastbourne Natural History Society, 6, 1874, pp.23-25. (MD 4/02)

COTT, H.B.

There is a box of Tenebrionidae collected by Cott in the Canary Islands in 1931 in the Museum at Cambridge. He was in Selwyn College and is also known to have collected in Brazil in 1923. (MD 4/02)

COTTAM, Arthur (1837 - 23 November 1911)

As a young man Cottam is recorded to have been an ardent student of botany, astronomy and microscopy. His career was spent in the Civil Service in the Office of Woods and Forests, from which he retired in 1905. He was married and had one son, who pre-deceased him, and a daughter.

In January 1875 he was one of the founder members of the Watford Natural History Society, later titled the Hertfordshire Natural History, and its first Treasurer. He contributed several papers to the Transactions including 'Our British Beetles: notes on their classification and collection' (1, 1880, pp.25-36) and 'Note on the pupation of the Stag Beetle' (ibid., pp.83-84). He was also interested in Lepidoptera, his collection being sold at Stevens' auction rooms on 7 November 1911 (Chalmers-Hunt (1976) p.151).

There is an obituary notice in Ent., 45, 1912, p.48. (MD 4/02)

COTTERELL, G.S. (1896-1977)

Worked for 45 years as an agricultural entomologist. Went to the Gold Coast (Ghana) in 1920 and also travelled to other countries including Nigeria and Afghanistan, as an advisor on agriculture.

Harvey et. al. (1996) p.52 record that there is an unpublished manuscript: Handbook of Insect Pests of the Gold Coast with Notes on Treatment, including original drawings, in the NHM. (MD 4/02)

COTTERILL, Henry

Gave 233 Coleoptera from Lake Nyassa to the RSM in 1878 (1878:46). He lived at 10 North Manor Place, Edinburgh. (MD 4/02)

COTTON, M.J.

Published with D.A.Humphries a note on 'Leptinus testaceus Mull. found on mammals' in EMM, 94, 1958, p.237, and with Colin Welch 'Records of Coleoptera from the Cairngorms', ibid., 107, 1971, p.202. Subsequently he joined Dundee University's expedition to North East Greenland and published a record of the insects found, ibid., 113, 1977, pp.213-217. He is recorded at different times at King's College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the Department of Biology, Sunderland Polytechnic, and Churchtown Farm Field Studies Centre, Bodmin. (MD 4/02)

COULSON, F.J.

A.E. Gardner in James (1973) p.76 mentions that Coulson was curator of the BENHS collections for eleven years until his resignation in 1954. His main loves were Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera, 'but he had a wide knowledge of all groups and his enthusiasm and kindness especially to beginners endeared him to all. I had special reasons to be grateful for his help and encouragement'.

Published 'A few remarks upon British Rhynchophora' in Proc.Trans.SLENHS., 1935, pp.100-107; 'A study of the secondary sexual characters in British Coleoptera' and 'Remarks upon British Clavicornia', ibid., 1937, pp.54-60.

His collection was acquired by A.E.Gardner and on his death passed to the NMW. Gardner incorporated some of Coulson's material but individual boxes survive. T. James tells me that there are also specimens taken by Coulson in the collection of D.G.Hall in the North Hertfordshire Museum, Baldock. (MD 4/02)

COULTER

Dawson (1854) p.39 mentions that Carabus auratus L. 'has also been found at Lough Bray in Ireland by Mr Coulter'. (MD 4/02)

COVENTRY, George A. (the younger)

Murray (1853), p.vii, lists Coventry with John Syme, Professor Fleming and himself as having 'worked out Fife, Perth, Kinross and Clackmanan' for beetles. Murray also refers on several occasions to Coventry's collection. He lived at Shanwell. (MD 4/02)

COVINGTON, Symes

Collected with Darwin as his servant, companion and 'emanuensis'. See Fergusson, B.J., Syms Covington of Pambula, assistant to Charles Darwin on the voyage of the H.M.S.Beagle 1831-1836, 2nd edition, revised and enlarged. Merimbula (Australia), 1988. (MD 4/02)

COWLEY, John (1909 - June 1967)

Born and died in Sussex but travelled extensively. He was of independent means. Primarily interested in Odonata and, later in life, Diptera, and his collections were given to the NHM. He collected beetles too, however, and there are specimens bearing his name in the Kauffmann collection of Cerambycidae at Manchester, and in Colin Johnson's collection of British weevils at the same institution. Harvey et al (1996) p.53 list manuscript material in the NHM.

This is presumably the J.Cowley who compiled the Directory of Amateur Entomologists, 1947, for the AES. FRES from 1931. There is a brief obituary in Proc. RESL, C, 32, 1967-68, p.59. (MD 4/02)

Duff 1993, p.6 notices that Cowley "was active in the Mid-Somerset Naturalist's Society, as well as for some time Secretary of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society Entomological Section. Although born in Sussex, he moved to Edington in 1943 and then collected fairly widely in Somerset up until his death, although nearly all of his beetles were identified by [W.A.] Wilson and some of his specimens were probably incorporated into the latter’s collection. At least part of Cowley's collection is said to be in the NHM (A.J. Parsons, pers. comm.). Cowley also provided Wilson with the results of an extensive search of the entomological literature for Somerset references. His beetle records are taken from Wilson's card index in the Taunton County Museum. A brief obituary is in Proc. Som. Arch. Nat. Hist. Soc.".

COWPER, Richard

Published 'An Australian beetle near London' in EMM, 10, 1873, p.83. (MD 4/02)

COX, A. Desmond L.

Published a number of articles on Coleoptera in the early 1950s including 'Coleoptera from the Colchester district', EMM, 86, 1950, p.142; 'The pupation of Cionus scrophulariae L.', ibid., 87, 1951, p.271; and 'Attempts to breed Chrysolina menthastri Suff.', ibid., 88, 1952, p.94. He lived at this time at Edale, Ipswich Road, Colchester, Essex and was interested in Lepidoptera too, on which he also published notes. (MD 4/02)

COX, Charles James

A Captain who lived in Canterbury. He published a number of articles on Scolytus destructor Oliv. between 1848 and 1859. He must have been one of the first entomologists to take up the photography of insects publishing 'Notes on the application of photography to insects' in Proc.ESL., 1863, pp.179-181. He also published a popular work Our Common Insects First Steps to Entomology, 1864.

Cox was also interested in Lepidoptera, publishing notes on larvae, including one with J.O. Westwood in 1864.

Harvey et al.(1996) p.54 record that several manuscript chapters for an unpublished work titled Elementary Lectures upon Natural History, including several pen-and-ink drawings, are in the NHM. (MD 4/02)

COX, Mrs E.

Smith (1986) records that there is a collection of flies and beetles from Tasmania in the HDO accompanied by a letter to Poulton of 1896. (MD 4/02)

COX, Hon. Herbert Edward (d. December 1914)

Surprisingly little is known of Cox considering that his two volume A Handbook of the Coleoptera or Beetles of Great Britain and Ireland, 1874, was one of the most important publications on the British fauna to appear in the 19th century, and the first to use dichotomous keys for species identification which had earlier been used on the Continent (although Mackechnie Jarvis (1976) notes a key to Catops by Murray of 1856 on the dichotomous principle).

Cox is recorded as living in London until, in 1894, he was domiciled to Jamaica to take up the position in local government which earned him his Honourable title. It is extraordinary given the competence of the Handbook that no reviews are known and that he published nothing else on Coleoptera.

Smith (1986) p.110 records that his collection, including the British material on which his Handbook was based, was given to the HDO by his widow in 1915 and 1922, and include a special collection of Heteromera (some specimens from W.W.Saunders) kept separately. Many volumes from his library are also in the HDO.

I have seen a beetle in the Pusa Institute at Delhi bearing the label 'H.E.Cox. Hispa.Behar. 14.IX.14'. (MD 4/02)

COX, L.G. (d. 1965?)

Published 'Obrium brunneum (Fab.) new to the British List' with P.Harwood, in EMM, 72, 1936, p.149.

I have seen specimens collected by him in the E.C.Bedwell collection at the Castle Museum, Norwich, and in the general collection at Doncaster Museum (dated 1919). Hancock and Pettit (1981) record that Britten's collection at Manchester includes Cox specimens. Mackechnie Jarvis, (1976) p.109, notes that Cox's main collection was acquired by L.Christie.

I assume that this is the same Cox who is recorded in the Insect Department Register at Cambridge as giving G.W.Nicholson's collection of Coleoptera, including notebooks, to the Museum on 11 July 1957. (MD 4/02)

CRABBE, Ernest (1882 - July 1976)

Qualified in engineering at the Regent Street Polytechnic, London, where he also studied Shakespeare. He began his professional career as an engineer in County Hall and later worked on the railways, but gave this up to become a freelance journalist and entomologist, and to run a philatelic business. His writings covered many subjects, including a serial for the Sunday Express and a weekly piece as Uncle Mac of the Children's Corner, for which he started the Choktok Club.

He lectured at Swanley on insect pests and is recorded to have collected ladybirds and ground beetles for sale through the post for pest control. He also collected Lepidoptera, his collection passing to the Juniper Hall Field Centre in about 1956. His son J.A.Crabbe worked in the Botany Department at the NHM.

FRES from 1921. There is an obituary notice in Proc. RESL., 41, 1976-77, p.49. (MD 4/02)

CRABBE, George (24 December 1754 - 3 February 1832)

The famous poet. He was born at Aldborough, Suffolk the eldest of six children. His father was a collector of salt duties. George received some education at Bungay and later at Stowmarket, but was largely self taught. He was employed in a warehouse at Slaughden, before, in 1768, being bound as an apprentice to the village doctor at Wickham Brook, near Bury St. Edmunds, where he also acted as errand boy and farm labourer. In 1771 he transferred to Mr Page, a surgeon at Woodbridge, and it was there that he met Sarah Elmy, the inspiration for his earlypoetry and whom he eventually married in 1783. At the end of 1775 he returned to Aldborough and started practising as a surgeon. His business failed, however, and in April 1780 he moved to London having decided to take up literature professionally. In the following year, under the patronage of Edmund Burke, he determined to take holy orders, and in 1782 he became Chaplain to the Duke of Rutland at Belvoir, Leicestershire. Subsequently he took up a number of livings in Dorset, Leicestershire and Suffolk before finally moving to Trowbridge in 1814, the year after his wife's death. It is there that he died and is buried.

Between carrying out his professional duties and his writing - the most famous of his works are probably The Candidate, The Village, The Borough, Tales in Verse, and Tales of the Hall - Crabbe is recorded to have lead a very retiring life. In fact, much of his time seems to have been taken up with the study of natural history which he pursued very actively at least as early as 1775 when he moved to Woodbridge. His natural history interests extended to botany in particular, but also included the Coleoptera of which he was an active collector. Marsham, (1802) refers to several specimens as being 'Ex mus D.[om] Crabbe', and Stephens, (1828) mentions that Crabbe took the first specimen of Calosoma sycophanta L. to be recorded from Suffolk. This last is probably the same insect to which W.Kirby refers. But Crabbe's collecting was more systematic than these occasional references might suggest. A little known essay he published on the Natural History of the Vale of Belvoir in John Nichols, Bibliotheca Topopgraphia Britannica, VIII, Antiquities in Leicestershire, 1790, includes what must surely be one of the earliest local lists of Coleoptera (pp.1259-1262). This list, which makes specific and general references to more than seventy species, was reviewed by Donisthorpe (not Davis as I stated earlier) in Leics.lit.phil.Soc., 4, 1896, 198-200, as noticed by Donisthorpe in ERJV., 44, 1932, p.61. In it Crabbe shows not only that he had a broad knowledge of the country in general, but also that he knew the contemporary literature, taking species names from the works of Linnaeus and Fabricius. The whereabouts of his collection is unknown. An examination of his published writings might well reveal more about his entomological interests. A quick glance at The Borough, 1810, for example, written while Crabbe was in Leicestershire, produced references to a weaver friend who was a collector of butterflies.

Crabbe had seven children of which five died young. His two surviving sons both interested themselves in natural history and may have collected beetles.

Apart from the works already mentioned the best account of Crabbe is the Life written by his son George, of which there are many editions, the last being published in 1932. (MD 4/02)

CRANCK

Stephens (1828) pp. 83 and 164 refers to beetles collected by the 'late Mr Cranck'. (MD 4/02)

CRAW, Alexander (3 August 1850 - 28 June 1908)

Born in Ayr but emigrated to California in 1873. After spending two years at San Diego, he moved to Los Angeles to take charge of the large orange grove founded by J.W.Wolfskill. He soon became a recognized authority on horticultural and entomological subjects and he founded the plant quarantine service in California. In 1904 he moved to Hawaii as Superintendent of Entomology and Inspector of the Hawaiian Board of Agriculture and Forestry at Honolulu. He died in the USA.

Although most of Craw's work was on the Coccoidea, he also interested himself in beetles as pests. His collections were destroyed in the earthquake and fire of 1906.

Gilbert (1977) lists seven obituary and other notices. (MD 4/02)

CRAWFORD, William Monod (1875 - 9 April 1941)

For much of his life Crawford was interested primarily in the Lepidoptera, but after his retirement from the Indian Civil Service in 1919 he settled in Belfast and became interested in beetles. He published more than fifty new county records for Ireland in the EMM between 1932 and 1937, and eighteen other articles in the INJ and Proc. Belfast Nat.Field Club (listed in Ryan, O'Conner and Beirne (1984) pp.56-58). He interested himself in water beetles in particular and was one of the editors of the IN.

FRES from 1922. There is a brief obituary notice in Proc.RESL., C, 1942, p.40, and a further notice in the INJ, 7, 1941, pp.336-37. (MD 4/02)

CRAWSHAY, G.A.

A Reverend. Smith (1986) records a collection in the HDO of British Coleoptera, including local and rare species (1905). Hancock and Pettit (1981) record that specimens collected by Crawshay are in the John Kidson Taylor Collection at Manchester. A letter from Crawshay to W.E.Sharp, dated 8 August 1905, is in volume III (48) of the Sharp correspondence at Liverpool. (MD 4/02)

CRAWSHAY, R.

A Captain. Presented 235 insects from Tierra del Fuego to NHM in 1906 (Riley, 1964, p.29). (MD 2/02)

CREGOE, J.P.

Chalmers-Hunt (1976) records that a collection of duplicate insects from South Africa including Coleoptera was sold by Cregoe at Stevens's rooms on 24 August 1897. A further collection of 3,788 insects of all orders from Natal and Transvaal was presented to the NHM in 1905 (Riley (1964) p.28). (MD 4/02)

CRENMELL, W.

Lepidoptera and other insects collected by Crenmell mainly in the period 1930-60 are in the Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society (Hancock and Pettit (1981). (MD 4/02)

CRIBB, Herbert Joseph (16 January 1898 - 6 November 1967)

Born in Hammersmith and educated at Latimer School. Served in the Royal Sussex Regiment 1916-1919 and was wounded at the Battle of the Somme. Subsequently became a sculptor and served as Eric Gill's first apprentice. Lived at Ditchling and was one of the founder members of the Guild of St. Joseph and Dominic there. His carvings are to be found in churches and public buildings at home and abroad.

Cribb's interest in Coleoptera started at least as early as the First World War when he is recorded to have collected in the Somme Valley. Although he specialised in Carabidae and water beetles in particular his interests were widespread. He collaborated with Norman Joy in the preparation of his Handbook, 1932, acted as advisor on Coleoptera to the AES of which he was an active member, and exchanged specimens widely with other collectors. Between 1957 and his death he joined several collecting forays to the Alps and Pyrenees, and subsequently exhibited specimens taken at AES exhibitions. He published a number of notes in the EMM and in the Bulletin of the AES mostly recording captures of beetles in Sussex and southern England, or interesting specimens sent to him by correspondents. One of the most important was 'The species of Plateumaris and Donacia in Sussex' in EMM, 90, 1954, p.80.

Cribb bequeathed three cabinets of beetles collected during his lifetime to the Booth Museum, Brighton.

On Cribb's work as a sculptor see many references in F. MacCarthy, Eric Gill, 1989. (I am grateful to his son Peter Cribb, the well known Lepidopterist, for information) (MD 4/02)

CRIPPS, H.

Published 'Notes of the Season' in ERJV., 1, 1890, 133-34, an account of collecting at Brockenhurst and Chattenden, which included Coleoptera. He lived at Dalyell Road, Stockwell. This is probably the same Cripps who showed Coleoptera at meetings of the CLENHS at this time (as recorded in eg. ERJV., 2, 1891, p.300, and 3, 1892, p.21) (MD 4/02)

CROFT, Henry Holmes (1820 - 1 March 1883)

Born in London. Educated by French and Spanish refugees, and subsequently at Tavistock House. During this period he became particularly interested in chemistry. After leaving school he spent a year in the office of his father who was Deputy Paymaster General in the Ordnance Department. After taking advice from Faraday, Croft was sent to study chemistry at the University of Berlin and it was there that he first became interested in entomology. After three and a half years, when he obtained many distinctions, he returned to England.

In 1842 Croft was recommended by Faraday for the chair of Chemistry at the newly formed University of Toronto in Canada. He arrived there in January 1843 and remained for thirty six years becoming Vice-Chancellor in 1849 and a member of two of the University's governing bodies. Croft resigned his professorship in 1879 and moved to San Diego in Texas where he died.

Outside of his work at the University Croft pursued his natural history activities very actively. He became a leading member of the local agricultural and horticultural societies, and in 1863 was instrumental in the establishment of the Entomological Society of Ontario which first met at his house and of which he was President 1863-64 and 1868-71. Croft's particular enthusiasm was for Coleoptera, and C.J.S. Bethune, who was inspired by and collected with him, recorded in Canadian Entomologist, 48, 1916, p.1-5, that he formed a local collection.

Croft's life forms part of a book by J. King, McCaul: Croft: Forneri; Personalities of Early University Days, 1915. Other accounts are listed by Gilbert (1976) pp.79-80. (MD 4/02)

CROSS, W.

Listed in the Ent. Ann., 1860, as being interested in British Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. His address is given as Dales Street, Preston. (MD 4/02)

CROTCH, George Robert (1842 - 16 June 1874)

Born in Somerset the son of the Rev. W.R.Crotch and the grandson of Dr W.Crotch, organist to George III. Little is known of his youth except that his father took a post at Cambridge and that his son gained a place at the University matriculating at St.John's College in 1861 and graduating in 1864. In 1866 he was appointed to a post at the University Library and in the following year obtained the better post of second assistant librarian. It was at this time that he gained his M.A. He resigned this post in 1871 in order to undertake a world tour having been awarded a grant of £200 from the Wort's Fund 'for the purpose of collecting specimens in Natural History, and investigating the fauna of those regions'. He intended to visit the United States, Central America, the Pacific Islands and Australia. He set off in October 1872 to spend the winter in Philadelphia studying collections and publishing in the American journals. In the spring of 1873 he crossed to the west coast and spent the summer collecting in California, Oregon and British Columbia. In the autumn he took a post at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology. When Professor Agassiz died in 1874 this terminated and Crotch, who was already ailing with tuberculosis, returned to Philadelphia. After six weeks he died at the home of Professor Lesley, and was buried in Philadelphia.

During his short life of only thirty two years Crotch achieved a prodigious amount. His interest in entomology appears to have begun with the Lepidoptera on which he published his first note in Zoo., 1856, at the age of fourteen. His interest in beetles, which was to dominate the rest of his life, began shortly after, and his first note 'Capture of Sphaerius acaroides, Hydrochus carinatus, etc. in the Fens' appeared in 1861 (ibid., 19, 1861, p.7724). In the following year he exhibited Dermestes frischii Kugelan at the Entomological Society in London and read notes about it, and he added a number of new species to the British list (ibid., 20, 1862, p.8083). At the same time he was working on a checklist of the British fauna which he published as A Catalogue of British Coleoptera, 1863, and on the British species of Helophorus•, about which he wrote in Zoo., 21, 1863, p.8610.

The Catalogue contained the names of a great many species not previously recorded as British, and differed considerably in its arrangement and nomenclature from earlier catalogues, particularly in so far as it introduced the work of Continental authors. It was the first of a number of publications in which Crotch showed his wide knowledge of the literature, particularly the historic literature of entomology for which he was much respected by his contemporaries.

In the following year Crotch made the first of a number of trips abroad specifically to collect Coleoptera, visiting the Canary Islands with his brother William Duppa (see below) where they were so successful that they were able to add no less than seventy seven species to Wollaston's earlier list. This trip was followed in 1865 and 1870 by visits to Spain, the first in company with several members of the Entomological Society of France.

The publications listed above were followed by more than sixty further separately published papers and articles, the most important of which are: Catalogue of British Coleoptera, second edition, 1866; List of all the Coleoptera of the families Cicindelidae, Carabidae and Dytiscidae described AD. 1758-1821 referred to their modern genera, 1871; Synopsis Coleopterorum Europae et confinium anno 1868 descriptorum, 1871; List of Coccinellidae, 1871; Checklist of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico, 1873; A revision of the coleopterous family Coccinellidae, 1874; and A revision of the coleopterous family Erotylidae (first published in Cistula Entomologica, 1, part XLVI, 1876, pp.377-572, but printed separately by Cambridge University Press in 1901).

Crotch amassed considerable collections both in England and during his travels. In his will, made before he left for the United States, he bequeathed his collections of European Coleoptera (152 store boxes) and worldwide Coccinellidae and Erotylidae to the Zoological Museum in Cambridge, England. The last two are maintained separately but the first was incorporated into the main collection in 1945 after 100 specimens had been transferred to the Newbery collection in 1934. Crotch also gave other insects, including: Diptera and Hymenoptera from Weston-super-Mare; Trichoptera from Cambridge; and Coleoptera from Asturias in N. Spain (120 specimens), Greece and Smyrna (50 specimens), Natal (107 specimens collected by Miss Colenso), and the collections of T.V.Wollaston and E.W.Janson which he had purchased. Another collection of Coccinellidae was acquired by the NHM and is the subject of a published catalogue by R.D.Gordon (BM(NH) occasional paper, 1987).

Crotch also gave insects to Charles Darwin, see Smith, K.G.V., 'Darwin's Insects, Charles Darwin's entomological notes', Bulletin (BM(NH), Historical series, 14(1), 1987, pp.1-143.

Crotch gave a number of manuscript journals, etc. to the Cambridge University Museum in 1871. These include: a volume entitled Coccinellidae received or communication; a yearly bibliography titled Philhydrida Europae chronologice disposita auch G.R.Crotch ... 1838 - 1867; a Canary Islands Collecting Journal covering the period 28 April to 22 August 1864; and a fattish volume of letters, lists, etc. mainly relating to localities of his British Coleoptera and to certain rare specimens in the collection, but also including notes about the collections of E.W.Janson and T.V.Wollaston. Many of these notes were added by Hugh Scott and explain how to tell the Wollaston and Janson material from Crotch's specimens (useful because Crotch re-mounted many of their specimens on to his own cards).

There are also beetles collected by Crotch in the P.B.Mason, C.Dupre, C.G.Hall and J.K.Taylor Collections at Bolton Museum, and he was also a major contributor to the C.G.Hall collection at Oldham Museum (specimens dated 1841-1874. Some from Monks Wood and Ireland. I am grateful to Simon Hayhow for this information). His Azores collection was presented by Godman to the NHM in 1871. Chalmers-Hunt (1976) records that a number of Crotch's British Coleoptera duplicates were sold by Stevens on 16 May 1899.

Crotch's American collections are housed in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, Cambridge, U.S.A. where the material has been incorporated into the general collection. There are also Crotch specimens in the Leconte Collection at this institution. Smart and Wager (see below) quote a letter from J.F.Lawrence about this material as follows: 'There are Crotch types scattered throughout the collection, but some are not well marked and have not been catalogued. Certain specimens in the LeConte Collection are labelled as Crotch types (LeConte underlined the author's name in these cases), but in other cases it has been impossible to ascertain just which specimen in a series is actually the type, or whether it is here at all. Assuming that most of the North American species described by Crotch ended up here, we might have as many as 150 types, but at the present time it is not possible to get an exact figure'.

Gilbert (1977) lists ten obituary and other notices, the most important of which are probably: Ent., 7, 1874, pp.236-240 (by Edward Newman); EMM, 11, 1874, 70-72, and H.Edwards, 'A Tribute to the Memory of George Robert Crotch', Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 5, 1875, 332-334. Agassiz, A History of Entomology, 1931, 598-600, includes a photographic portrait of Crotch (with an enormous beard!) and a list of some of the more important beetles he described. Since the publication of Gilbert's book, John Smart and Barbara Wager have published 'George Robert Crotch, 1842-1874: a bibliography with a biographical note' in J.Soc. Biblphy nat. Hist.,8(3), 1977, 244-248. Their list of Crotch's publications includes 67 items. (MD 4/02)

CROTCH, William Duppa (1843/44 - 25 August 1903)

Younger brother of George Robert (see above). An obituary notice in EMM, 39, 1903, p.256, states: 'we think he studied for the medical profession, but, finding it distasteful, did not qualify'. It is certain that he accompanied his brother on entomological excursions from an early date and that in his youth he shared with him an almost equal enthusiasm. He published his first entomological article (on Lepidoptera) in Zoo., 16, 1858, p.6213, and his first note on Coleoptera in EWI., 8, 1860, p.54. He also published on the Hemiptera at this time.

In the Spring of 1862 Crotch visited the Canary Islands to collect Coleoptera and T.V.Wollaston, Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collection of the British Museum, 1864, records that he captured forty four new species there. Wollaston also makes frequent reference to Crotch's 'accurate and indefatigable researches'. Two years later he repeated the visit in the company of his brother when they added a further seventy seven species to the earlier lists.

The obituary referred to above mentions that Crotch married a Swedish girl and moved to Scandinavia 'apparently doing very little entomologically, but occupying himself with an exhaustive study of the lemming and its migrations, the results of which were published'.

Chalmers-Hunt (1976) records that Crotch's collections were sold by Stevens on 19 June 1900. (MD 4/02)

CROWSON, Roy Albert (22 November 1914 – 13 May 1999)

Born in Hadlow, Kent. Educated at Judd School, Tonbridge and at Imperial College, London University (Ph.D. 1937). Served in the Royal Air Force 1941/2-46. He was appointed Assistant Curator of the Tunbridge Wells Museum in 1938 and worked there until 1948 when he took up the post of Lecturer in Zoological Taxonomy at Glasgow University. Promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1964, and, on his retirement in 1980, Honorary Lecturer. His flat, close to the University, where he lived with his wife Betty (nee Campbell, married 1954) was well known to numerous visiting entomologists.

Crowson's interest in Coleoptera started when he was only seven years old, and turned to their evolutionary history when he read Darwin's Origin of Species at the age of eleven. His own publications included a little over one hundred books and articles dealing with different aspects of the Coleoptera many in conjunction with other authors eg. T. Sen Gupta, H. Kasap and his wife, some of whom were his students at Glasgow. Among the first of his articles were two on the metendosternite in Coleoptera (Trans.RESL., 87, 1938, pp.397-416 and 94, 1944, pp.273-310), the research for which had been carried out as part of his Ph.D. Much of his subsequent research was on the higher classification and led in 1950 to the appearance of the first of his articles on 'The Classification of the Families of British Coleoptera' (EMM, 86, pp.149-171. later parts appeared ibid., pp.274-288, 327-344; 87, 1951, pp.117-128, 147-156; 88, 1952, pp.64-71, 109-132; 89, 1953, pp.37-59, 181-198, 237-248; 90, 1954, pp.57-63) subsequently published in book form as The Natural Classification of the Families of British Coleoptera in 1955, and in 1967 with additions and corrections from the EMM, 103, 1967, pp.209-214. Shortly after the completion of the original set of articles Crowson published Coleoptera: Introduction and Keys to Families as vol.IV, part 1 (1956) of the Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects produced by the RESL.

Crowson's work included the study of larval and fossil material both of which are referred to throughout his publications. His first article devoted to fossils specifically, 'The fossil insects of the Weald' appeared in Royal Tunbridge Wells: Past and Present, 1946, pp.24-26, and subsequent publications on this topic have included 'Some thoughts concerning the insects of the Baltic Amber', Proc. 12th int. Congr. Ent. London, 1964, p.133, the chapter on Coleoptera in W.B.Harland et al, The Fossil Record, 1967, and 'The evolutionary history of Coleoptera, as documented by fossil and comparative evidence' in AttiXCongr. naz. Ital. Entom. Sassari, 1976, pp.47-90.

Among many important papers on the subject of the British Coleopterous fauna his publication of his discovery of Leistus rufomarginatus Duft. on the Lower Greensand hills near Sevenoaks, as new to Britain, must be one of the best known (EMM, 78, 1942, pp.281-82). After moving to Scotland he contributed many articles on the subject of the Scottish Coleopterous fauna to the Glasgow Naturalist and the EMM in particular, in some of which he was assisted by his wife. Crowson's last major publications were Classification and Biology, 1971 (not related to Coleoptera particularly though they are mentioned), and The Biology of the Coleoptera, 1981 in which he exhibited a prodigious knowledge of early and contemporary literature (and updates his earlier Classification). Biology, Phylogeny and Classification of Coleoptera, by 25 different authors, was published in Warsaw in 1995 in honour of his 80^th birthday.

Crowson made a number of collecting trips abroad. He visited Australia and New Zealand after winning a Leverhulme reserach fellowship, and in April 1959 he was a guest with his wife at a biological Research Station at Rieti, in the Central Appenines, Italy. In 1969 he was appointed to the Alexander Agassiz visiting lectureship at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard and was able to explore the United States as a result. In 1968 the Congress of Entomology in Moscow enabled him to meet many Russian entomologists. The New Zealand trip prompted a particular interest in the Australasian fauna on which he published a number of articles. Further information about his work abroad, as well as about his broad ranging views on many topics including socialism (he believed communism held the answer to social injustice in the 1930s but became disillusioned like so many others in the 50s) is to be found in Colin Johnson's obituary mentioned below.

13 taxa have been dedicated to Crowson the most famous being Crowsoniella relicta, Pace, a fascinating endogean beetle discovered in Central Italy in 1975, which is the only representative of the Archostemata in Europe (Boll. Mus. civ. Storia nat.Verona, 2, 1976, pp.445-458).

Crowson's collection included a large collection of Coleoptera larvae (all families), world wide. A large collection of microscope slides of adult and larval Coleoptera of all families, worldwide, as well as a collection of fossil insects, including a few paratypes, are in the NHM, together with a MS notebook titled The Metendosternite in Coleoptera. Descriptive Notes and Sketches. He also accumulated a large library relating to all families and topics.

FRES from 1937. Member of the Coleopterist's Society from 1971 (Vice-President 1971-1975). Honorary Fellow of the All-Union Entomological Society, Moscow, USSR, 1980.

There is an obituary by Colin Johnson in EMM, 137, 2001, 237-241 (with photograph, but without bibliography) (Information from RAC before his death) (MD 4/02)

CROWTHER, Henry

Wrote six notes on beetles between 1877 and 1896: 'Wetherby Coleoptera' (Naturalist, 3, 1877, p.8); 'Carabus nitens at Richmond' (ibid., p.25); 'Clivina fossor. Linn.' (ibid., pp.25-26); 'Coleoptera at Norland Moor' (ibid., p.59); 'Clivina fossor myrmecophilus' (EMM, 15, 1878, p.19) and 'Monochammus sutor in Yorkshire' (Ent., 28, 1895, p.16). He also wrote one note about locusts. (MD 4/02)

Mick Cooper informs me that there is further information about Crowther in Nottingham Museum. (MD 10/03)

CROWTHER, James

Mentioned by W.E.Sharp, The Coleoptera of Lancashire and Cheshire, 1908, p.12 as one of the 'earlier ... students' of Coleoptera in the area. (MD 4/02)

CROZIER, George

Also mentioned by W.E.Sharp (see above) in this category. Lived at Eccleston in the Fylde. (MD 4/02)

CRUTTWELL, Charles Thomas (1848? - 4 April 1911)

An eminent cleric and at one time one of the country's foremost classical scholars. Cruttwell was appointed Headmaster of Bradfield School in 1878 and in 1880 took up the same position at Malvern. While at the latter he married the daughter of Sir Robert Mowbray, who was known as the 'Father' of the House of Commons. In 1891 he accepted the College Living of Kibworth-Beauchamp, Leicestershire, where he was made Rural Dean, Honorary Canon of Peterborough, and Proctor in Convocation. In 1901 the Marquis of Salisbury nominated him to the Crown Living of Ewelme, and in 1903 he was given a residentiary Canonry at Peterborough.

Writing Cruttwell's obituary in EMM, 47, 1911, p.114, W.W.Fowler recorded that entomology was his favourite hobby and that he was 'an extremely keen collector' of both Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. 'His friend and colleague at Merton College [where he was a Fellow and Tutor], the late Bishop Creighton of London, looked with disfavour on his Natural History pursuit ... and tried to dissuade him from going on with them, but, as he said when relating the incident to the writer of this notice, the love of natural history was bred in him, and he told the Bishop that he could not give it up.'

There are many references to specimens collected by Crutwell in Morley (1899). (MD 4/02)

CULLEY, Mrs R.

A typescript list of accessions between 1825-32 in the Castle Museum, Norwich, records that Mrs Culley gave a specimen of Cetonia to the Norwich Society in 1826. (MD 4/02)

CUMING, H.

F.W. Hope, 'Characters and descriptions of several new genera and species of Coleopterous insects', Trans.ZSL., 1, 1835, p.106, records that he named Prionus cumingii after Cuming who obtained it at Concepcion and Valparaiso on the trunks of trees. Hope went on to say of Cuming: 'the success of his indefatigable exertions in various branches of Natural History, is well known by the extensive and interesting collections which he has recently brought to this country'. (MD 4/02)

CUMMING, Peter Thomas

Collected Coleoptera and was interested in insect photography. Lived at West Horsley, near Leatherhead, Surrey.

FRES 1961-62. (MD 3/03)

CUMMING, W.D.

Arrow (1917) records that Cumming collected Rutelinae in Baluchistan. Is this perhaps the same Cumming that E.C.Bedwell collected with in 1914-21? (See his collecting diary covering this period in the Castle Museum, Norwich) (MD 4/02)

CURTIS, Charles Morgan (15 October 1796 - 16 October 1839)

Entomological illustrator and brother of John Curtis (see below). Born in Norwich the second son of this name (the first died at the age of 5 of Charles Morgan Curtis, an engraver and sign writer, and possibly a verger, who himself died shortly after the birth of Charles Morgan junior. He moved to London and made his reputation as an artist of natural history subjects which Bryant, Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, 1899, records 'he drew with much accuracy and spirit'. G.R.Waterhouse, 'Notes on the species of Triplax of Stephens' Illustrations and Collection' in Trans.ESL., 3rd series, I (II), 1861, p.2, notes 'The third specimen [of Triplax bicolor] which is pinned as Mr Stephens usually pinned the insects captured by himself, is a distinct species, and being in good condition was no doubt the insect given to Mr Charles Curtis to draw, for the plate in the Illustrations. This most careful artist would never have made a drawing ... without first cleaning it ...'.

Dawson (1854) p.65 refers to Curtis picking up a dead specimen of Chlaenius sulcicoliis on the coast near Covehithe, Suffolk.

Curtis exhibited pictures at both the Royal Academy and the Society of British Artists.

Smith (1986) records that there are a few insects from Madeira which Curtis gave to Hope together with a letter, and original paintings of Coleoptera and larvae in the HDO.

There are references to Curtis in Benezit, Thieme Becker, and other art-historical reference books, and obituaries in Literary Gazette, 1839, and The Art Union, 1839, p.167. (MD 4/02)

CURTIS, John (3 September 1791 © 6 October 1862)

Born in Norwich, the elder brother of Charles Morgan (see above). Interested himself in natural history at an early age, particularly insects, and became friendly with Richard Walker, a local naturalist, and later the author of Flora Oxiensis, by whom he was much influenced, and with Dr (later Sir James) Edward Smith and with the Hooker family. The young Hooker (later Sir W.J.) is known to have helped Curtis with the naming of insects. At school he also became friendly with Henry Browne, whose mother had a collection of Lepidoptera, which Curtis is known to have studied.

At the age of sixteen he was placed in a lawyer's office in Norwich as a clerk where he first made the acquaintance of Simon Wilkin, and also met Kirby, Spence, Burrell and other well-known Norwich entomologists.

At the same time as pursuing his interest in insects Curtis also spent time drawing and colouring engravings, and after four years left the lawyer's office to launch himself on a career as an entomologist and engraver. In this enterprise he was assisted by Wilkin who was a printer and into whose house at Costessy Curtis moved in 1812. There he had access to a fine library of entomological literature and a good collection. The two men founded an entomological Society which included some twenty members, and it was at this time that Curtis determined to write and illustrate the British Entomology, being Illustrations and Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, the work for which he is best known.

While living with Wilkin, Curtis took up employment with a printer at Bungay called Edwards. He also undertook the plates for Kirby and Spence's An Introduction to Entomology (1816-), the first volume of which records the authors' debt to Wilkin for presenting them with Curtis's plates, and to Curtis "whose intimate acquaintance with the subject has enabled him to give to the figures an accuracy which they could not have received from one less conversant with the science."

Sometime between 1817 and 1819 Curtis moved to London after a sojourn at Barham with Kirby where he appears to have first met William Macleay. It was Macleay who introduced him shortly after his arrival in London to the Linnean Society for which he did illustrations of insects in the Transactions. These included three plates for the well-known Century of Insects by Kirby, depicting 45 insects, mainly Coleoptera. It was at about this time that Curtis married for the first time and had two children, Edward John, born on 20 March 1821 and Elizabeth, born in 1826. His second marriage took place on 27 June 1860 to Matilda Bliss by whom he had two further boys, Robin, born on 14 April 1861, and Henry Alexander, named after his godfather A.H.Haliday, born in the following year.

While living in London Curtis undertook a number of entomological collecting trips. In July 1825 he travelled to Scotland with J.C.Dale by steampacket. They had introductions to Sir Patrick Walker and to Sir Walter Scott, and were so successful in their collecting that they were able to add thirty new species to the British list. They returned overland, spending much of the time walking. Dale lived at Glanville Wooton, Sherborne, Dorset, which Curtis frequently visited and which acted as a base for further explorations to the New Forest, Isle of Portland, etc.. In 1830 he travelled to France via Jersey, and in the autumn of 1833 he spent a month with Lord Malmesbury in Ireland, when he visited his friend A.H.Haliday. In July of the following year he was in Scotland again, this time with Haliday, and in 1835 he returned to Ireland for the late summer and early autumn.

During this time Curtis continued with the onerous task of writing, illustrating and publishing his British Entomology (dedicated to Lord Malmesbury). The first number appeared on 1 January 1824 and publication continued for fifteen years, four plates and two pages of text appearing on the first day of each month. The finished work amounted to 193 issues with 770 plates during the production of which Curtis was never once late. He had originally conceived the work as a translation of Latreille's Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum which he planned to call the Illustrated Genera of Insects, but the number of new species described increased so rapidly that he decided to confine it to the genera of British Insects alone. From 1829 he was obliged to increase the number of copies being produced, and he started to reprint earlier parts. (R.E.Blackwelder, ”The dates and editions of Curtis's British Entomology”, Smithsonian Misc. Collection, 407.5, 1947, gives details).

Shortly after the first parts of the British Entomology appeared, J.F.Stephens announced his intention to publish The Illustrations of British Entomology, and the first plate of his work appeared on 1 June 1827. The two men started as friends, Curtis' first illustration was of Cicindela sylvicola in Stephens' collection, and Stephens' artist was Curtis' brother Charles Morgan. There was, however, a limited market for such publications, and although both aimed at the collector, who tended to be wealthier than the scientist, considerable rivalry inevitably developed. One result of this was that Curtis started to pay more attention to species as opposed to genera after plate 150 had appeared.

To accompany the British Entomology Curtis also produced a Guide to the arrangement of British Insects, 1829, which served the added purpose of being arranged so that it could be cut up for use in cabinets. Of the 15,000 insects listed in the first edition Curtis had some 5,500 in his own collection. A second edition appeared in 1837.

From 1841 Curtis began a series of articles in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society on various insect pests which proved so popular that they were published in 1860, three years after completion, as a separate volume titled Farm Insects. The volume was successful not only because it was one of the first to be written for the farmer by a scientist in a readily comprehensible format, but it was also relatively cheap, it had good clear illustrations which facilitated identification, and it was arranged by crop rather than by insect family. As a result of its publication it has been said of Curtis that 'he pretty well invented the subject of 'economic entomology'' (George Ordish, John Curtis and the Pioneering of Pest Control, 1974, p.79).

Curtis's entomological work was cut short by bad sight. A letter pasted into my copy of his British Entomology addressed to John Aspinall Turner and dated Jan. 1856 begins 'My sight is so feeble that I can only write you a few lines' and a cutting from a newspaper pasted to it announcing his death states that he had lost his sight 'from the frequent use of the microscope in his entomological inquiries'.

After his death Curtis' collection of insects was purchased from his widow by the Victorian National Museum in Melbourne, Australia. J.J.Walker, 'Some notes on the Lepidoptera of the "Curtis" Collection of British Insects' in EMM, 40, 1904, p.187 recorded: 'his collections were probably shipped to Australia not later than the beginning of 1864, as the records of the Victorian National Museum show that a sum of money was remitted to Mrs Curtis in payment for them on July 2nd of that year. These collections are contained in five mahogany cabinets, four at least of which, containing the British insects of all Orders, are of the celebrated Standish make; the fifth, tall cabinet of fifty drawers, is appropriated to a general collection of exotic insects. A very fine forty drawer cabinet contains the Lepidoptera, the Coleoptera occupy another of twenty drawers, and two others of twenty four drawers each contain the remaining orders. These Collections are in precisely the same state as when they were received at Melbourne, nothing having been added to or taken from themsince their arrival in the Museum. All the insects are set in the old style, low down on the pins...the legs of the beetles, nearly or quite touching the paper...the great majority of the Coleoptera are pinned, though as previously stated they are almost entirely free from that worst of cabinet pests, verdigris'. Curtis' manuscript register, or catalogue of the whole of the British collection accompanied the collection and 'is contained in four volumes of quarto size. It is very closely and neatly written in a clear but minute hand on alternate pages and the writing is unfortunately much faded in parts. It contains notes, in some instances very copious, on nearly every species, embracing localities, dates of collecting, and other items of interest' (Useful information about references by Curtis to specific localities in Hampshire and Dorset is contained in S.C.S.Brown, 'Notes on some Hants and Dorset localities mentioned by John Curtis in his British Entomology', EMM, 92, 1956, p.308).

Apart from the collection mentioned above, the types of the 'Descriptions of the insects collected by Capt. R.P.King in the Survey of the Straits of Magellan', which Curtis published in Trans. LSL., 17-19, 1837-1845, with A.H.Haliday and F.Walker, and which he appears to have retained in his own collection, passed to the NHM in 1863. In addition, a subsidiary collection of insects was sold on 8 July 1863 at Stevens' auction rooms for £100, and it was also this auctioneer who sold his library comprising some 700 volumes (the catalogue is in the British Museum) on 8 June in the same year. Curtis' own copy of the British Entomology is now in the library of the RESL where his manuscript entomological diary is also housed. The latter is a large octavo book bound in leather. Each page is devoted to a day of the year and each day contains observations on plants, insects, etc.. Curtis seems to have made up the diary after the event for the dates are not consecutive and the entries appear to be in a chronological jumble. The volume is particularly interesting for revealing both the extent of his travels and also the number of insects which were sent to him from all over the world.

Smith (1986) records that there is MS material in the HDO including: letter to Westwood, 1830; economic and taxonomic notes with annotations by Westwood, including notes for 16 Reports on the insects injurious to agriculture and the British Entomology, original drawings and paintings, letter from G.Passerini of 1854 (purchased by Westwood from Mrs Curtis in 1863); and letters to J.C.Dale, 1819-62. She also records that the third meeting of the Norwich Entomological Society was held at Curtis's house on 4 December 1810 and that the Minutes are in the HDO. The HDO also holds insects from Curtis, but Smith does not refer to beetles being present.

Finally, it is worth noting that the 770 original drawings for the British Entomology, after being purchased at the auction by J.O.Westwood, were being offered for sale by a London bookseller in January 1911 (C.D.Sherborn and J.H.Durrant, 'Note on John Curtis' British Entomology', EMM, 47, 1911, p.85) before eventually finding their way into the collections of the NHM.

Ordish, op. cit., gives a full bibliography both of Curtis' own writings and of references to him. (MD 4/02)

CURTIS, William (1746 - 7 July 1799)

Well known botanist and author of a number of important publications on this subject, in particular the Flora Londiensis, from 1777, and the Botanical Magazine from 1781. He was not related to John Curtis (see above).

Born in Alton, Hampshire, the son of a tanner. Apprenticed at the age of fourteen to his grandfather, an apothecary. At the age of twenty moved to London to complete his medical education. Quickly associated himself with a Mr Talwin, licentiate of the Apothecaries Company, to whose practice he eventually succeeded. Died in Brompton, London, after a long period of heart trouble, and is buried in Battersea.

Although Curtis's interest in botany, which appears to have been stimulated by the study of herbals, showed itself when he was still a young man, his first publications were on entomological subjects. Instructions for Collecting and Preserving Insects, containing 44 pages, appeared in 1771, and Fundamenta Entomologiae being a translation of Linnaeus, in 1772. His single work devoted to Coleoptera, 'Some observations on the Natural History of Curculio Lapathi and Silpha grisea', appeared in the first volume of the Trans of the Linnaean Society (1791, 86-89) of which he was one of the founder Fellows. This seems to have been directly stimulated by his experience of these insects in his botanical work and in particular at the gardens he established at Bermondsey, Lambeth Marsh and Brompton.

Curtis's insect collections passed to A.H.Haworth (see the Preface to the latter's Lepidoptera Britannica, 1803, xviii). Some of the material he collected for a projected work on the natural history of the British Isles, including drawings of insects chiefly by Moses Harris which were intended to illustrate the work, are in the Museum devoted to Curtis at Alton.

There are a number of separate biographies including R.J. Thornton, Sketch of the Life and Writings of the Late Mr William Curtis, 1805, and William H. Curtis, William Curtis, 1941; and numerous accounts of Curtis in botanical, historical and other reference books; see in particular J.E.Lousley, William Curtis, 1746-1799, London Naturalist reprint, 37, 1946. (MD 4/02)

CUTHBERT, H.J.

Published 'Carabus cancellatus Ill. in West Cork' in EMM, 31, 1895, p.265. (MD 4/02)

CUTHBERT, H.K.G.

Published eighteen articles in IN on Coleoptera between 1892 and 1895, three of which were written in conjunction with G.H.Carpenter (Listed in Ryan, O'Conner and Beirne (1984). Most record captures from different localities. He also wrote on other orders including Hymenoptera. (MD 4/02)

CUTTER, William

Sold various insects to the HDO including beetles between 1866 and 1875. Smith (1986) p.111 records: Coleoptera and one spider (1867), two small Lucanidae from Burma (1869) and one Meloe and one Cetonia from Madagascar (1875). (MD 4/02)

Mick Cooper informs me that there is further information about Cutter in Nottingham Museum. (MD 10/03)

Last updated: 26 November 2003